PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Neuroplastic changes appear in people with visual impairment (VI) and they show greater tactile abilities. Improvements in performance could be associated with the development of enhanced early attentional processes based on neuroplasticity. Currently, the various early attentional and cortical remapping strategies that are utilized by people with early (EB) and late-onset blindness (LB) remain unclear. Thus, more research is required to develop effective rehabilitation programs and substitution devices. Our objective was to explore the differences in spatial tactile brain processing in adults with EB, LB and a sighted control group (CG). In this cross-sectional study 27 participants with VI were categorized into EB (n = 14) and LB (n = 13) groups. They were then compared with a CG (n = 15). A vibrotactile device and event-related potentials (ERPs) were utilized while participants performed a spatial tactile line recognition task. The P100 latency and cortical areas of maximal activity were analyzed during the task. The three groups had no statistical differences in P100 latency (p>0.05). All subjects showed significant activation in the right superior frontal areas. Only individuals with VI activated the left superior frontal regions. In EB subjects, a higher activation was found in the mid-frontal and occipital areas. A higher activation of the mid-frontal, anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal zones was observed in LB participants. Compared to the CG, LB individuals showed greater activity in the left orbitofrontal zone, while EB exhibited greater activity in the right superior parietal cortex. The EB had greater activity in the left orbitofrontal region compared to the LB. People with VI may not have faster early attentional processing. EB subjects activate the occipital lobe and right superior parietal cortex during tactile stimulation because of an early lack of visual stimuli and a multimodal information processing. In individuals with LB and EB the orbitofrontal area is activated, suggesting greater emotional processing.
摘要：
视觉障碍（VI）的人出现神经可塑性变化，并且表现出更大的触觉能力。性能的提高可能与基于神经可塑性的增强的早期注意过程的发展有关。目前,早期盲症(EB)和晚发性盲症(LB)患者使用的各种早期注意和皮质重定位策略尚不清楚.因此，需要更多的研究来开发有效的康复计划和替代设备。我们的目标是探索成人EB的空间触觉大脑处理的差异，LB和视力对照组(CG)。在这项横断面研究中，将27名VI患者分为EB（n=14）和LB（n=13）组。然后将它们与CG(n=15)进行比较。当参与者执行空间触觉线识别任务时，使用了振动触觉设备和事件相关电位（ERP）。在任务期间分析了P100潜伏期和最大活动的皮质区域。三组P100潜伏期无统计学差异(p>0.05)。所有受试者在右上额叶区域均显示出明显的激活。只有具有VI的个体激活了左上额叶区域。在EB科目中，在中额叶和枕骨区域发现了更高的激活。中额叶的更高激活，在LB参与者中观察到前扣带回皮质和眶额区。与CG相比,LB个体在左眶额叶区表现出更大的活动，而EB在右顶叶上皮质表现出更大的活性。与LB相比，EB在左眶额叶区域具有更大的活性。患有VI的人可能没有更快的早期注意力处理。由于早期缺乏视觉刺激和多模态信息处理，EB受试者在触觉刺激期间会激活枕叶和右上顶叶皮层。在患有LB和EB的个体中，眶额区被激活，暗示更大的情感处理。
