Abstract：
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different irrigation sources on the levels of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn) in the edibles of citrus fruits (Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta). The samples of fruit, soil and water were collected from two locations (fresh water irrigated-FW I and sewage water irrigated-SW II) within the city of Sargodha. The samples utilized in the study for metal analysis were prepared utilizing the wet acid digestion method. Metal determination was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The potentially toxic metal values in the citrus samples ranged from 0.010 to 0.063, 0.015 to 0.293, 6.691 to 11.342 and 0.366 to 0.667 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn, respectively. Analysis of Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis indicated that the highest concentration of Cr, Fe and Mn is observed at the sewage water irrigation site (SW-II), whilst the minimum levels of Cr, Fe and Mn were observed at the fresh water irrigation site (FW-I). The results show that the levels of these metals in soil and fruit samples meet the acceptable guidelines outlined by USEPA and WHO. It was found that the metal pollution constitutes a potential threat to human health due to the HRI values for Cd, Cr, and Fe being above 1, despite the DIM values being below 1. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is highly recommended in order to minimise health risks to individuals.
摘要：
本研究的目的是评估不同灌溉源对潜在有毒金属（Cd，Cr,柑橘类水果（柑橘和柑橘）中的铁和锰）。水果样本,土壤和水是从Sargodha市内的两个位置（淡水灌溉-FWI和污水灌溉-SWII）收集的。用于金属分析的研究中使用的样品是使用湿酸消化方法制备的。使用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)进行金属测定。柑橘样品中潜在的有毒金属值范围为0.010至0.063，0.015至0.293，6.691至11.342和0.366至0.667mg/kg的Cd，Cr,Fe和Mn,分别。对柑橘和柑橘的分析表明，Cr的浓度最高，在污水灌溉现场(SW-II)观察到铁和锰，而Cr的最低水平，在淡水灌溉地点（FW-I）观察到Fe和Mn。结果表明，土壤和水果样品中这些金属的含量符合USEPA和WHO概述的可接受准则。人们发现，由于Cd的HRI值，金属污染对人类健康构成了潜在威胁。Cr,和Fe高于1，尽管DIM值低于1。强烈建议定期监测用废水灌溉的蔬菜，以最大程度地减少对个人的健康风险。
