PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
People with dyslexia, a neurodevelopmental disorder of reading, are highly attuned to the emotional world. Compared with their typically developing peers, children with dyslexia exhibit greater autonomic nervous system reactivity and facial behaviour to emotion- and empathy-inducing film clips. Affective symptoms, such as anxiety, are also more common in children with dyslexia than in those without. Here, we investigated whether the startle response, an automatic reaction that lies at the interface of emotion and reflex, is elevated in dyslexia. We measured facial behaviour, electrodermal reactivity (a sympathetic nervous system measure) and emotional experience in response to a 100 ms, 105 dB unanticipated acoustic startle task in 30 children with dyslexia and 20 comparison children without dyslexia (aged 7-13) who were matched on age, sex and nonverbal reasoning. Our results indicated that the children with dyslexia had greater total facial behaviour and electrodermal reactivity to the acoustic startle task than the children without dyslexia. Across the sample, greater electrodermal reactivity during the startle predicted greater parent-reported anxiety symptoms. These findings contribute to an emerging picture of heightened emotional reactivity in dyslexia and suggest accentuated sympathetic nervous system reactivity may contribute to the elevated anxiety that is often seen in this population.
摘要：
有诵读困难的人,阅读的神经发育障碍，高度适应情感世界。与他们典型的发展中同行相比，患有阅读障碍的儿童表现出更大的自主神经系统反应性和面部行为，以引起情感和同理心的电影剪辑。情感症状,比如焦虑，在有阅读障碍的儿童中也比没有阅读障碍的儿童更常见。这里,我们调查了惊吓反应，情绪和反射的界面上的自动反应，在阅读障碍中升高。我们测量了面部行为，皮肤电反应性（交感神经系统测量）和对100毫秒的反应的情绪体验，在30名阅读障碍儿童和20名没有阅读障碍的比较儿童（7-13岁）中，有105dB意外的声学惊吓任务，性和非语言推理。我们的结果表明，与没有诵读困难的儿童相比，有诵读困难的儿童具有更高的整体面部行为和对听觉惊吓任务的皮肤电反应性。在整个样本中，惊吓期间皮肤电反应性越大,父母报告的焦虑症状就越大.这些发现有助于阅读障碍的情绪反应性增强，并表明交感神经系统反应性增强可能导致该人群中经常出现的焦虑升高。
