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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Video-feedback observational therapy (VOT) is an intensive rehabilitation technique based on movement repetition and visualization that has shown benefits for motor rehabilitation of the upper and lower limbs. Despite an increase in recent literature on the neurophysiological effects of VOT in the upper limb, there is little knowledge about the cortical effects of visual feedback therapies when applied to the lower limbs. The aim of our study was to better understand the neurophysiological effects of VOT. Thus, we identified and compared the EEG biomarkers of healthy subjects undergoing lower limb VOT during three tasks: passive observation, observation and motor imagery, observation and motor execution.
METHODS: We recruited 38 healthy volunteers and monitored their EEG activity while they performed a right ankle dorsiflexion task in the VOT. Three graded motor tasks associated with action observation were tested: action observation alone (O), motor imagery with action observation (OI), and motor execution synchronized with action observation (OM). The alpha and beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (or beta rebound, ERS) rhythms were used as biomarkers of cortical activation and compared between conditions with a permutation test. Changes in connectivity during the task were computed with phase locking value (PLV).
RESULTS: During the task, in the alpha band, the ERD was comparable between O and OI activities across the precentral, central and parietal electrodes. OM involved the same regions but had greater ERD over the central electrodes. In the beta band, there was a gradation of ERD intensity in O, OI and OM over central electrodes. After the task, the ERS changes were weak during the O task but were strong during the OI and OM (Cz) tasks, with no differences between OI and OM.
CONCLUSIONS: Alpha band ERD results demonstrated the recruitment of mirror neurons during lower limb VOT due to visual feedback. Beta band ERD reflects strong recruitment of the sensorimotor cortex evoked by motor imagery and action execution. These results also emphasize the need for an active motor task, either motor imagery or motor execution task during VOT, to elicit a post-task ERS, which is absent during passive observation. Trial Registration NCT05743647.
METHODS: We recruited 38 healthy volunteers and monitored their EEG activity while they performed a right ankle dorsiflexion task in the VOT. Three graded motor tasks associated with action observation were tested: action observation alone (O), motor imagery with action observation (OI), and motor execution synchronized with action observation (OM). The alpha and beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (or beta rebound, ERS) rhythms were used as biomarkers of cortical activation and compared between conditions with a permutation test. Changes in connectivity during the task were computed with phase locking value (PLV).
RESULTS: During the task, in the alpha band, the ERD was comparable between O and OI activities across the precentral, central and parietal electrodes. OM involved the same regions but had greater ERD over the central electrodes. In the beta band, there was a gradation of ERD intensity in O, OI and OM over central electrodes. After the task, the ERS changes were weak during the O task but were strong during the OI and OM (Cz) tasks, with no differences between OI and OM.
CONCLUSIONS: Alpha band ERD results demonstrated the recruitment of mirror neurons during lower limb VOT due to visual feedback. Beta band ERD reflects strong recruitment of the sensorimotor cortex evoked by motor imagery and action execution. These results also emphasize the need for an active motor task, either motor imagery or motor execution task during VOT, to elicit a post-task ERS, which is absent during passive observation. Trial Registration NCT05743647.
摘要：
背景：视频反馈观察治疗（VOT）是一种基于运动重复和可视化的强化康复技术，已显示出对上肢和下肢运动康复的益处。尽管最近关于VOT对上肢的神经生理学影响的文献有所增加，关于视觉反馈疗法应用于下肢时的皮层效应知之甚少。我们研究的目的是更好地了解VOT的神经生理作用。因此，我们确定并比较了在三个任务中接受下肢VOT的健康受试者的EEG生物标志物：被动观察，观察和运动图像，观察和电机执行。
方法：我们招募了38名健康志愿者，监测他们在VOT中执行右踝关节背屈任务时的脑电图活动。测试了与动作观察相关的三个分级运动任务：单独的动作观察（O），运动意象与动作观察（OI），和电机执行与动作观察(OM)同步。α和β事件相关的去同步(ERD)和事件相关的同步(或β反弹，ERS）节律用作皮质激活的生物标志物，并通过置换测试在条件之间进行比较。使用锁相值(PLV)计算任务期间连通性的变化。
结果：在任务期间，在阿尔法波段，ERD在前中心的O和OI活动之间具有可比性，中央和顶叶电极。OM涉及相同区域,但在中心电极上具有更大的ERD。在贝塔乐队，O中存在ERD强度的分级，中央电极上的OI和OM。任务结束后,ERS变化在O任务期间较弱，但在OI和OM(Cz)任务期间较强，OI和OM之间没有差异。
结论：Alpha带ERD结果表明，由于视觉反馈，下肢VOT期间镜像神经元的募集。Beta带ERD反映了由运动图像和动作执行引起的感觉运动皮层的强烈募集。这些结果还强调了对主动运动任务的需求，VOT期间的运动图像或运动执行任务，引发任务后的ERS，这在被动观察期间是不存在的。试验注册NCT05743647。
方法：我们招募了38名健康志愿者，监测他们在VOT中执行右踝关节背屈任务时的脑电图活动。测试了与动作观察相关的三个分级运动任务：单独的动作观察（O），运动意象与动作观察（OI），和电机执行与动作观察(OM)同步。α和β事件相关的去同步(ERD)和事件相关的同步(或β反弹，ERS）节律用作皮质激活的生物标志物，并通过置换测试在条件之间进行比较。使用锁相值(PLV)计算任务期间连通性的变化。
结果：在任务期间，在阿尔法波段，ERD在前中心的O和OI活动之间具有可比性，中央和顶叶电极。OM涉及相同区域,但在中心电极上具有更大的ERD。在贝塔乐队，O中存在ERD强度的分级，中央电极上的OI和OM。任务结束后,ERS变化在O任务期间较弱，但在OI和OM(Cz)任务期间较强，OI和OM之间没有差异。
结论：Alpha带ERD结果表明，由于视觉反馈，下肢VOT期间镜像神经元的募集。Beta带ERD反映了由运动图像和动作执行引起的感觉运动皮层的强烈募集。这些结果还强调了对主动运动任务的需求，VOT期间的运动图像或运动执行任务，引发任务后的ERS，这在被动观察期间是不存在的。试验注册NCT05743647。
