Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Strategies of prevention for psychiatric disorders need a deep understanding of the aetiological factors involved in the psychopathological processes. Our twin study aims at disentangling the contributions of genes and environment to schizotypal and hypomanic dimensions, considering the role of stressful life events (LEs) and the quality of family relationships.
METHODS: The Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) were used to assess positive schizotypy, while Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) and its sub-scales were used to investigate proneness to affective disorders. 268 twins (54.5 % female; aged 18.0 ± 6.68) were included. Participants filled out a questionnaire on LEs and their parents provided an evaluation of intra-family relationship (Relationship Quality Index, RQI). Classic univariate twin models for quantitative traits were fitted for scales, and the effects of covariates (LEs and RQI) were assessed.
RESULTS: For MIS, HPS and its sub-scales, significant common and unique environmental effects were detected, with genetic factors affecting only HPS Social Vitality sub-scale. Unique environment was the only source of variance of PAS score. The number of recent LEs influenced MIS and PAS models, while RQI score affected MIS model.
CONCLUSIONS: The main limitation of the study is the small sample size, which reduces statistical power and may potentially lead to an underestimation of heritability. Additionally, the cross-sectional design limits the possibility to draw causal considerations.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide preliminary evidence for a significant environmental role in modulating states of vulnerability. Moreover, the expression of positive schizotypy resulted influenced by recent stressors and intra-family relationships.
METHODS: The Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) were used to assess positive schizotypy, while Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) and its sub-scales were used to investigate proneness to affective disorders. 268 twins (54.5 % female; aged 18.0 ± 6.68) were included. Participants filled out a questionnaire on LEs and their parents provided an evaluation of intra-family relationship (Relationship Quality Index, RQI). Classic univariate twin models for quantitative traits were fitted for scales, and the effects of covariates (LEs and RQI) were assessed.
RESULTS: For MIS, HPS and its sub-scales, significant common and unique environmental effects were detected, with genetic factors affecting only HPS Social Vitality sub-scale. Unique environment was the only source of variance of PAS score. The number of recent LEs influenced MIS and PAS models, while RQI score affected MIS model.
CONCLUSIONS: The main limitation of the study is the small sample size, which reduces statistical power and may potentially lead to an underestimation of heritability. Additionally, the cross-sectional design limits the possibility to draw causal considerations.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide preliminary evidence for a significant environmental role in modulating states of vulnerability. Moreover, the expression of positive schizotypy resulted influenced by recent stressors and intra-family relationships.
摘要：
背景：精神疾病的预防策略需要对精神病理学过程中涉及的病因因素有深入的了解。我们的孪生子研究旨在解开基因和环境对分裂型和轻躁狂维度的贡献，考虑压力生活事件（LEs）的作用和家庭关系的质量。
方法：使用魔法意念量表（MIS）和感知畸变量表（PAS）评估分裂型阳性，而轻狂人格量表（HPS）及其子量表用于调查情感障碍的倾向性。包括268对双胞胎（54.5％为女性；年龄18.0±6.68）。参与者填写了一份关于LEs的问卷，他们的父母提供了对家庭内部关系的评估(关系质量指数，RQI)。对数量性状的经典单变量双胞胎模型进行了尺度拟合，并评估协变量(LEs和RQI)的影响。
结果：对于MIS，HPS及其子尺度，检测到显著的常见和独特的环境影响，遗传因素仅影响HPS社会活力子量表。独特的环境是PAS评分差异的唯一来源。最近影响MIS和PAS模型的LE数量，而RQI评分影响MIS模型。
结论：研究的主要限制是样本量小，这降低了统计能力，并可能导致对遗传力的低估。此外,横截面设计限制了得出因果考虑的可能性。
结论：研究结果为在调节脆弱状态中的重要环境作用提供了初步证据。此外，分裂型阳性表达受近期应激源和家庭内关系的影响。
方法：使用魔法意念量表（MIS）和感知畸变量表（PAS）评估分裂型阳性，而轻狂人格量表（HPS）及其子量表用于调查情感障碍的倾向性。包括268对双胞胎（54.5％为女性；年龄18.0±6.68）。参与者填写了一份关于LEs的问卷，他们的父母提供了对家庭内部关系的评估(关系质量指数，RQI)。对数量性状的经典单变量双胞胎模型进行了尺度拟合，并评估协变量(LEs和RQI)的影响。
结果：对于MIS，HPS及其子尺度，检测到显著的常见和独特的环境影响，遗传因素仅影响HPS社会活力子量表。独特的环境是PAS评分差异的唯一来源。最近影响MIS和PAS模型的LE数量，而RQI评分影响MIS模型。
结论：研究的主要限制是样本量小，这降低了统计能力，并可能导致对遗传力的低估。此外,横截面设计限制了得出因果考虑的可能性。
结论：研究结果为在调节脆弱状态中的重要环境作用提供了初步证据。此外，分裂型阳性表达受近期应激源和家庭内关系的影响。
