Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: In view of the global demographic shift, a scientific symposium was organised by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) to address nutrition-related challenges of the older population and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge.
METHODS: Eighteen nutrition-related issues of the ageing global society were presented by international experts during the symposium and summarised in this report.
RESULTS: Anorexia of ageing, dysphagia, malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and the metabolic syndrome were highlighted as major nutrition-related geriatric syndromes. Great progress has been made in recent years through standardised definitions of some but not all syndromes. Regarding malnutrition, the GLIM approach has shown to be suitable also in older adults, justifying its continuous implementation. For anorexia of ageing, a consensus definition is still required. Intervention approaches should be integrated and person-centered with the aim of optimizing intrinsic capacity and maintaining functional capacity. Landmark studies like EFFORT and FINGER have impressively documented the potential of individualised and multifactorial interventions for functional and health benefits. Combining nutritional intervention with physical training seems particularly important whereas restrictive diets and drug treatment should generally be used with caution because of undesirable risks. Obesity management in older adults should take into account the risk of promoting sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS: In the future, even more individualised approaches like precision nutrition may enable better nutritional care. Meanwhile all stakeholders should focus on a better implementation of currently available strategies and work closely together to improve nutritional care for older adults.
METHODS: Eighteen nutrition-related issues of the ageing global society were presented by international experts during the symposium and summarised in this report.
RESULTS: Anorexia of ageing, dysphagia, malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and the metabolic syndrome were highlighted as major nutrition-related geriatric syndromes. Great progress has been made in recent years through standardised definitions of some but not all syndromes. Regarding malnutrition, the GLIM approach has shown to be suitable also in older adults, justifying its continuous implementation. For anorexia of ageing, a consensus definition is still required. Intervention approaches should be integrated and person-centered with the aim of optimizing intrinsic capacity and maintaining functional capacity. Landmark studies like EFFORT and FINGER have impressively documented the potential of individualised and multifactorial interventions for functional and health benefits. Combining nutritional intervention with physical training seems particularly important whereas restrictive diets and drug treatment should generally be used with caution because of undesirable risks. Obesity management in older adults should take into account the risk of promoting sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS: In the future, even more individualised approaches like precision nutrition may enable better nutritional care. Meanwhile all stakeholders should focus on a better implementation of currently available strategies and work closely together to improve nutritional care for older adults.
摘要：
目标：鉴于全球人口变化，欧洲临床营养与代谢学会(ESPEN)组织了一个科学研讨会,以解决老年人群与营养相关的挑战,并概述当前的知识状况.
方法：国际专家在研讨会期间介绍了全球老龄化社会的18个营养相关问题，并在本报告中进行了总结。
结果：衰老的厌食症，吞咽困难,营养不良,脆弱,少肌症,肌肉减少性肥胖，代谢综合征被强调为主要的营养相关老年综合征.近年来，通过对某些但不是所有综合症的标准化定义，取得了很大进展。关于营养不良，GLIM方法也被证明适用于老年人，证明其持续实施的合理性。对于衰老的厌食症，仍然需要达成共识的定义。干预方法应该是综合的，以人为中心，目的是优化内在能力和保持职能能力。像EFFORT和FINGER这样的标志性研究令人印象深刻地记录了个性化和多因素干预措施对功能和健康益处的潜力。将营养干预与体育锻炼相结合似乎尤为重要，而限制性饮食和药物治疗通常应谨慎使用，因为存在不良风险。老年人的肥胖管理应考虑促进肌肉减少症的风险。
结论：在未来，甚至更个性化的方法，如精准营养，可能会带来更好的营养护理。同时，所有利益攸关方应专注于更好地实施现有战略，并密切合作，改善老年人的营养护理。
方法：国际专家在研讨会期间介绍了全球老龄化社会的18个营养相关问题，并在本报告中进行了总结。
结果：衰老的厌食症，吞咽困难,营养不良,脆弱,少肌症,肌肉减少性肥胖，代谢综合征被强调为主要的营养相关老年综合征.近年来，通过对某些但不是所有综合症的标准化定义，取得了很大进展。关于营养不良，GLIM方法也被证明适用于老年人，证明其持续实施的合理性。对于衰老的厌食症，仍然需要达成共识的定义。干预方法应该是综合的，以人为中心，目的是优化内在能力和保持职能能力。像EFFORT和FINGER这样的标志性研究令人印象深刻地记录了个性化和多因素干预措施对功能和健康益处的潜力。将营养干预与体育锻炼相结合似乎尤为重要，而限制性饮食和药物治疗通常应谨慎使用，因为存在不良风险。老年人的肥胖管理应考虑促进肌肉减少症的风险。
结论：在未来，甚至更个性化的方法，如精准营养，可能会带来更好的营养护理。同时，所有利益攸关方应专注于更好地实施现有战略，并密切合作，改善老年人的营养护理。
