Abstract：
As an important means to solve water shortage, reclaimed water has been widely used for landscape water supply. However, with the emergence of large-scale epidemic diseases such as SARS, avian influenza and COVID-19 in recent years, people are increasingly concerned about the public health safety of reclaimed water discharged into landscape water, especially the pathogenic microorganisms in it. In this study, the water quality and microorganisms of the Old Summer Palace, a landscape water body with reclaimed water as the only replenishment water source, were tracked through long-term dynamic monitoring. And the health risks of indicator microorganisms were analyzed using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). It was found that the concentration of indicator microorganisms Enterococcus (ENT), Escherichia coli (EC) and Fecal coliform (FC) generally showed an upward trend along the direction of water flow and increased by more than 0.6 log at the end of the flow. The concentrations of indicator microorganisms were higher in summer and autumn than those in spring. And there was a positive correlation between the concentration of indicator microorganisms and COD. Further research suggested that increased concentration of indicator microorganisms also led to increased health risks, which were more than 30% higher in other areas of the park than the water inlet area and required special attention. In addition, (water) surface operation exposure pathway had much higher health risks than other pathways and people in related occupations were advised to take precautions to reduce the risks.
摘要：
作为解决水资源短缺的重要手段,再生水已被广泛用于景观供水。然而,随着SARS等大规模流行病的出现，近年来禽流感和COVID-19，人们越来越关注排放到景观水中的再生水的公共卫生安全，尤其是其中的病原微生物。在这项研究中,圆明园的水质和微生物，以再生水为唯一补给水源的景观水体，通过长期动态监测进行跟踪。采用定量微生物风险评估(QMRA)对指示微生物的健康风险进行分析。发现指示微生物肠球菌（ENT）的浓度，大肠杆菌（EC）和粪大肠杆菌（FC）通常沿水流方向呈上升趋势，在水流结束时增加了0.6log以上。夏季和秋季指示微生物的浓度高于春季。指示微生物浓度与COD呈正相关。进一步的研究表明，指示微生物浓度的增加也导致了健康风险的增加，公园其他区域比进水区域高出30%以上，需要特别注意。此外,(水)表面操作暴露途径的健康风险比其他途径高得多，建议相关职业的人采取预防措施以降低风险。
