Abstract：
Pesticides are among the main drivers posing risks to aquatic environments, with effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving as a major source. This study aimed to identify the primary pesticides for which there was a risk of release into aquatic environments through WWTP effluents, thereby enabling more effective contamination management in public water bodies. In this study, monitoring, risk assessment, and risk-based prioritization of 87 pesticides in effluents from three WWTPs in the Yeongsan River Basin, Korea, were conducted. A total of 59 pesticides were detected at concentrations from 0.852 ng/L to 82.044 μg/L and exhibited variable patterns across different WWTP locations. An environmental risk assessment based on the risk quotient (RQ) of individual pesticides identified 13 substances implicated in significant ecotoxicological risks, as they exceeded RQ values of 1 at least once. An optimized risk (RQf)-based prioritization, considering the frequency of the measured environmental concentration (MEC) exceeding the predicted environmental concentration (PNEC), was conducted to identify pesticides that potentially posed risks and thus should be managed as a priority. Four pesticides had an RQf value >1; metribuzin exhibited the highest RQf value of 4.951, followed by 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, atrazin-2-hydroxy, and atrazine. Additionally, five pesticides (terbuthylazine, methabenzthiazuron, diuron, thiacloprid, and fipronil) and another four pesticides (propazine, imidacloprid, hexaconazole, and hexazione) had RQf values >0.1 and > 0.01, respectively. By calculating the contributions of individual pesticides to the RQf of these mixtures (RQf, mix) based on the concentration addition model, it was determined that >95 % of the sum of RQf, mix was driven by the top seven pesticides. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing pesticides for effective management of contamination sources.
摘要：
农药是对水生环境构成风险的主要驱动因素之一，污水处理厂(WWTP)的废水是主要来源。本研究旨在确定通过污水处理厂废水释放到水生环境中的主要农药，从而使公共水体的污染管理更加有效。在这项研究中,监测,风险评估，并基于风险对永山河流域三个污水处理厂废水中的87种农药进行优先排序，韩国,进行了。总共检测到59种农药，浓度从0.852ng/L到82.044μg/L，并且在不同的WWTP位置表现出可变的模式。基于单个农药的风险商（RQ）的环境风险评估确定了13种涉及重大生态毒理学风险的物质，因为它们至少一次超过RQ值1。基于优化风险(RQf)的优先级排序，考虑测量的环境浓度（MEC）超过预测的环境浓度（PNEC）的频率，进行是为了确定可能构成风险的农药，因此应作为优先事项进行管理。四种农药的RQf值>1；metribuzin的RQf值最高，为4.951，其次是3-苯氧基苯甲酸，阿特拉津-2-羟基,还有阿特拉津.此外,五种杀虫剂(特丁肼，甲苯并噻草隆，Diuron,噻虫啉,和氟虫腈)和另外四种农药(丙嗪，吡虫啉,己唑醇,和六氮酮）的RQf值分别>0.1和>0.01。通过计算单个农药对这些混合物的RQf的贡献(RQf，混合)基于浓度添加模型，确定>95%的RQf总和，混合是由前七种杀虫剂驱动的。这些发现强调了优先考虑农药对有效管理污染源的重要性。
