Abstract：
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is associated with high mortality and poorer outcomes compared to accidental head injuries. The short and long-term developmental outcomes for AHT are not well identified. Variability in outcome measures, small sample sizes, difficulty in measuring domain-specific developmental skills, co-existence of comorbidities, genetic and environmental factors and high attrition rates all contribute to the challenges on providing data in this area. The objective of this article is to review the scientific literature on the developmental outcomes of AHT, highlighting factors that affect outcomes, the available assessment tools, and short and long-term developmental outcomes, recommended follow up, societal costs, and future opportunities for research. Authors searched OVID Medline and PubMed for articles published between 2013 and 2023 using the terms \"abuse\", \"craniocerebral trauma\" and \"development\". Fifty-five records were included for this review. The data shows that injuries sustained from AHT result in a spectrum of outcomes ranging from normal development to death. There are more than 100 outcome assessment tools limiting the ability to compare studies. More than half of patients are left with disabilities post discharge. Gross motor and cognition/academics are the 2 most common domains studied. Advancement in surgical and neurocritical care management has influenced AHT outcomes. Close long-term follow up is recommended to maximize each child\'s developmental potential, irrespective of the presence of disability at discharge. We suggest that future research should focus on adopting a consistent diagnostic and assessment approach and explore the social environmental factors that can affect recovery.
摘要：
与意外头部损伤相比，虐待性头部损伤（AHT）与高死亡率和较差的预后有关。AHT的短期和长期发育结果尚未得到很好的确定。结果测量的变异性，小样本量，难以测量特定领域的发展技能，共存的合并症，遗传和环境因素以及高流失率都给在这一领域提供数据带来了挑战。本文的目的是回顾有关AHT发展结果的科学文献，突出影响结果的因素，可用的评估工具，以及短期和长期的发展成果，建议跟进,社会成本,和未来的研究机会。作者在OVIDMedline和PubMed搜索了2013年至2023年之间发表的文章，使用术语“滥用”，“颅脑外伤”和“发展”。本次审查包括55条记录。数据显示，AHT造成的伤害会导致从正常发育到死亡的一系列结果。有100多种结果评估工具限制了比较研究的能力。超过一半的患者在出院后留下残疾。粗大运动和认知/学术是研究的两个最常见的领域。外科和神经重症监护管理的进步影响了AHT的结果。建议长期密切随访，以最大限度地提高每个孩子的发展潜力，无论出院时是否有残疾。我们建议未来的研究应侧重于采用一致的诊断和评估方法，并探索可能影响恢复的社会环境因素。
