Abstract：
Rising ocean temperatures, a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, are increasing the frequency, intensity, and magnitude of extreme marine heatwaves (MHWs). These persistent anomalous warming events can have severe ecological and socioeconomic impacts, threatening ecologically and economically vital organisms such as bivalves and the ecosystems they support. Developing robust environmental and social frameworks to enhance the resilience and adaptability of bivalve aquaculture is critical to ensuring the sustainability of this crucial food source. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the physiological and ecological impacts of MHWs on commercially important bivalve species farmed globally. We propose an integrated risk assessment framework that encompasses environmental monitoring, farm-level preparedness planning, and community-level social support systems to safeguard bivalve aquaculture. Specifically, we examine heatwave prediction models, local mitigation strategies, and social programs that could mitigate the impacts on bivalve farms and vulnerable coastal communities economically dependent on this fishery. At the farm level, adaptation strategies such as selective breeding for heat-tolerant strains, optimized site selection, and adjustments to culture practices can improve survival outcomes during MHWs. Robust disease surveillance and management programs are essential for early detection and rapid response. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of stakeholder engagement, knowledge exchange, and collaborative governance in developing context-specific, inclusive, and equitable safeguard systems. Proactive measures, such as advanced forecasting tools like the California Current Marine Heat Wave Tracker developed by NOAA\'s Southwest Fisheries Science Center, enable preemptive action before losses occur. Coordinated preparation and response, underpinned by continuous monitoring and adaptive management, promise to protect these climate-vulnerable food systems and coastal communities. However, sustained research, innovation, and cross-sector collaboration are imperative to navigate the challenges posed by our rapidly changing oceans.
摘要：
海洋温度上升,人为气候变化的结果，正在增加频率，强度,和极端海洋热浪(MHW)的大小。这些持续的异常变暖事件可能会产生严重的生态和社会经济影响，威胁生态和经济上至关重要的生物，如双壳类动物及其支持的生态系统。制定强有力的环境和社会框架以增强双壳类水产养殖的复原力和适应性对于确保这一关键食物来源的可持续性至关重要。这篇综述综合了目前对MHW对全球养殖的商业重要双壳类动物的生理和生态影响的理解。我们提出了一个包含环境监测的综合风险评估框架，农场一级的准备计划，和社区层面的社会支持系统，以保护双壳类水产养殖。具体来说,我们研究热浪预测模型，本地缓解策略，和社会计划，可以减轻对经济上依赖这种渔业的双壳类农场和脆弱的沿海社区的影响。在农场一级，适应策略，如耐热菌株的选择性育种，优化的选址，和文化实践的调整可以改善MHW期间的生存结果。强有力的疾病监测和管理计划对于早期发现和快速反应至关重要。此外，我们强调利益相关者参与的重要性，知识交流,以及开发特定环境的协作治理，包容性,和公平的保障制度。积极措施,如先进的预报工具，如NOAA西南渔业科学中心开发的加州水流海洋热浪跟踪器，在损失发生之前启用先发制人的行动。协调准备和响应，以持续监控和适应性管理为基础，承诺保护这些气候脆弱的粮食系统和沿海社区。然而,持续研究,创新,和跨部门合作对于应对迅速变化的海洋带来的挑战至关重要。
