Abstract：
Consumers can be exposed to many foodborne biological hazards that cause diseases with varying outcomes and incidence and, therefore, represent different levels of public health burden. To help the French risk managers to rank these hazards and to prioritize food safety actions, we have developed a three-step approach. The first step was to develop a list of foodborne hazards of health concern in mainland France. From an initial list of 335 human pathogenic biological agents, the final list of \"retained hazards\" consists of 24 hazards, including 12 bacteria (including bacterial toxins and metabolites), 3 viruses and 9 parasites. The second step was to collect data to estimate the disease burden (incidence, Disability Adjusted Life Years) associated with these hazards through food during two time periods: 2008-2013 and 2014-2019. The ranks of the different hazards changed slightly according to the considered period. The third step was the ranking of hazards according to a multicriteria decision support model using the ELECTRE III method. Three ranking criteria were used, where two reflect the severity of the effects (Years of life lost and Years lost due to disability) and one reflects the likelihood (incidence) of the disease. The multicriteria decision analysis approach takes into account the preferences of the risk managers through different sets of weights and the uncertainties associated with the data. The method and the data collected allowed to estimate the health burden of foodborne biological hazards in mainland France and to define a prioritization list for the health authorities.
摘要：
消费者可能会接触到许多食源性生物危害，这些危害会导致结果和发病率不同的疾病，因此,代表不同水平的公共卫生负担。为了帮助法国风险管理者对这些危害进行排名，并优先考虑食品安全行动，我们制定了三步走的方法。第一步是制定法国大陆健康关注的食源性危害清单。从335种人类致病生物制剂的初始列表中，“保留的危险”的最终清单包括24种危险，包括12种细菌（包括细菌毒素和代谢产物），3种病毒和9种寄生虫。第二步是收集数据以估计疾病负担(发病率，残疾调整寿命年）在两个时间段内通过食物与这些危害相关：2008-2013年和2014-2019年。根据所考虑的时期，不同危险的等级略有变化。第三步是使用ELECTREIII方法根据多标准决策支持模型对危险进行排名。使用了三个排名标准，其中两个反映了影响的严重程度（生命损失的年数和因残疾而损失的年数），一个反映了疾病的可能性（发病率）。多准则决策分析方法通过不同的权重集以及与数据相关的不确定性来考虑风险管理者的偏好。该方法和收集的数据可以估算法国大陆食源性生物危害的健康负担，并为卫生当局确定优先顺序清单。
