Abstract：
Sports performance is relatively robust under high levels of binocular blur. However, the limited research studies investigating monocular impairments has shown it has a larger impact on sport performance. This research study is relevant for classification in sports for athletes with vision impairment (VI), where visual acuity (VA) from the better eye is used during classification. Across two experiments, we aimed to establish the point at which binocular and monocular impairments affected performance in a football penalty kick (PK) through simulating varying severities of degraded VA and contrast sensitivity (CS) in active football players. In experiment one, 25 footballers performed PKs as VA and CS were systematically decreased in both eyes, and in one condition, visual field (VF) was reduced. The most severe VA/CS condition and reduced VF significantly impacted outcome, ball velocity and placement (ball kicked closer to the centre of the goal) (p < 0.05). In experiment two, 29 different footballers performed PKs as VA and CS of only the dominant eye were systematically decreased and in one condition the dominant eye was occluded, and participants viewed their environment through the non-dominant eye (monocular viewing). No differences were observed when assessing monocular impairments influence on outcome, velocity and ball placement. PKs have a high resilience to VI, but binocular impairment has a more immediate effect, suggesting binocular measures should be used in classification processes in football.
摘要：
在高水平的双目模糊下，运动表现相对稳健。然而,调查单眼损伤的有限研究表明，单眼损伤对运动表现有较大影响。这项研究与视力障碍运动员的运动分类有关（VI），在分类过程中使用来自较好眼睛的视敏度(VA)。在两个实验中，我们旨在通过模拟现役足球运动员中不同严重程度的VA退化和对比敏感度（CS），确定双眼和单眼损伤影响足球点球（PK）表现的点。在实验一,25名足球运动员进行了PKs，因为两只眼睛的VA和CS都系统地减少了，在一种情况下，视野（VF）降低。最严重的VA/CS状况和VF降低显著影响结局，球速度和位置(球踢得更靠近球门中心)(p<0.05)。在实验二,29名不同的足球运动员进行了PKs，因为只有优势眼的VA和CS被系统地减少，并且在一种情况下优势眼被遮挡，参与者通过非优势眼（单眼观看）观看他们的环境。在评估单眼损伤对结果的影响时，没有观察到差异。速度和球的放置。PK对VI有很高的弹性，但是双眼损伤有更直接的影响，建议在足球分类过程中应使用双目测量。
