Abstract：
Fine particulate matters-PM2.5 in the air can have considerable negative effects on human health and the environment. Various human cell-based studies examined the effect of PM2.5 on human health in different cities of the world using various chemical parameters. Unfortunately, limited information is available regarding the relationship between toxicity and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 collected in Istanbul, Türkiye, located in one of the most populated cities in the world. To investigate the chemical characteristics and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in Istanbul, samples were collected for 12 months, then potentially toxic metals, oxidative potential, and particle indicators (e.g., functional groups and elements) were determined, and the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 on human A549 lung alveolar epithelial cells was examined. The mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 24.0 ± 17.4 µg m-3 and higher in cold months compared to other seasons. Moreover, the results of the metals, elemental, and functional groups indicated that seasonal and monthly characteristics were influenced by the regional anthropogenic sources and photochemistry input. The cytotoxicity results also showed that the viability of A549 cells was reduced with the exposure of PM2.5 (30-53%) and higher cytotoxicity was obtained in summer compared to the other seasons due to the impact of the metals, elements, and oxidative characteristics of PM2.5.
摘要：
细颗粒物-空气中的PM2.5会对人类健康和环境产生相当大的负面影响。各种基于人类细胞的研究使用各种化学参数检查了PM2.5对世界不同城市人类健康的影响。不幸的是,关于伊斯坦布尔收集的PM2.5毒性和化学特性之间关系的信息有限，蒂尔基耶,位于世界上人口最多的城市之一。为了研究伊斯坦布尔地区PM2.5的化学特性和细胞毒性，样本收集12个月，然后是潜在的有毒金属，氧化电位,和粒子指示器(例如，官能团和元素)被确定，并检测了PM2.5对人A549肺泡上皮细胞的细胞毒性。与其他季节相比，寒冷月份的PM2.5平均质量浓度为24.0±17.4µgm-3，高于其他季节。此外，金属的结果，元素，和功能组表明，季节性和月度特征受区域人为来源和光化学输入的影响。细胞毒性结果还表明，A549细胞的活力随着PM2.5的暴露而降低（30-53％），并且由于金属的影响，与其他季节相比，夏季获得了更高的细胞毒性，元素,和PM2.5的氧化特性。
