PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Public health and working life are closely related. Even though Norway is one of the world\'s most equality-oriented countries, working life is still divided by gender. Women have a lower rate of participation in working life than men, they work more part-time and they have a higher sickness absence. Research has mostly focused on structural and cultural reasons for gender differences, rather than on the fact that women and men have different biology and face different health challenges. The aim of this project was to explore experienced associations between women\'s health and female participation in working life.
METHODS: Qualitative methods were chosen for investigating women\'s experiences. We carried out in-depth interviews with 11 female high school teachers and supplemented the material with a focus group with five managers from the same organisation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the six steps of reflexive thematic analysis for consistency in the analysis process.
RESULTS: The teachers shared a variety of experienced health issues within the field of women\'s health and perceived barriers in the work environment. Four main themes were identified: (1) invisibility of women\'s health at work, (2) complexity and lack of recognition of women\'s health at work, (3) women\'s health in work environment and (4) women\'s health and role conflicts. There were few contradictions between the two informant groups. We found that health, work and total life intertwine and that complexity, lack of recognition and invisibility of women\'s health appear at different levels in a mutual influence: for the women themselves, in the organisation and in society.
CONCLUSIONS: Lack of recognition and invisibility of women\'s health in the work environment is suggested to influence women\'s work participation. The complexity of female health is not captured by gender-neutral structures in the work environment meant to protect and promote employees\' occupational health. Recognition of women\'s health in the work context can therefore contribute to a gender-equal, health-promoting and sustainable working life.
METHODS: Qualitative methods were chosen for investigating women\'s experiences. We carried out in-depth interviews with 11 female high school teachers and supplemented the material with a focus group with five managers from the same organisation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the six steps of reflexive thematic analysis for consistency in the analysis process.
RESULTS: The teachers shared a variety of experienced health issues within the field of women\'s health and perceived barriers in the work environment. Four main themes were identified: (1) invisibility of women\'s health at work, (2) complexity and lack of recognition of women\'s health at work, (3) women\'s health in work environment and (4) women\'s health and role conflicts. There were few contradictions between the two informant groups. We found that health, work and total life intertwine and that complexity, lack of recognition and invisibility of women\'s health appear at different levels in a mutual influence: for the women themselves, in the organisation and in society.
CONCLUSIONS: Lack of recognition and invisibility of women\'s health in the work environment is suggested to influence women\'s work participation. The complexity of female health is not captured by gender-neutral structures in the work environment meant to protect and promote employees\' occupational health. Recognition of women\'s health in the work context can therefore contribute to a gender-equal, health-promoting and sustainable working life.
摘要：
背景：公共卫生与工作生活密切相关。尽管挪威是世界上最平等的国家之一，工作生活仍然是按性别划分的。女性在工作生活中的参与率低于男性，他们兼职工作更多，缺病率更高。研究主要集中在性别差异的结构和文化原因上，而不是事实上，女性和男性有不同的生物学和面临不同的健康挑战。该项目的目的是探索妇女健康与女性参与工作生活之间的经验关联。
方法：选择定性方法来调查女性的经历。我们对11名女高中教师进行了深入采访，并通过一个焦点小组补充了材料，该小组有来自同一组织的五名经理。访谈被逐字记录和转录。为了分析过程的一致性，我们使用了反身主题分析的六个步骤。
结果：老师们分享了妇女健康领域中的各种经验丰富的健康问题和工作环境中的障碍。确定了四个主要主题：（1）工作中妇女健康的隐形，(2)工作中妇女健康的复杂性和缺乏认识，（3）工作环境中的女性健康和（4）女性健康与角色冲突。两个线人之间几乎没有矛盾。我们发现健康，工作和总生活交织在一起，这种复杂性，缺乏对女性健康的认识和不可见性在不同层面上出现了一种相互影响:对于女性自身,在组织和社会中。
结论：在工作环境中缺乏对妇女健康的认识和忽视，这表明会影响妇女的工作参与。女性健康的复杂性并没有被工作环境中旨在保护和促进员工职业健康的性别中立结构所体现。因此，在工作环境中承认妇女的健康可以促进性别平等，促进健康和可持续的工作生活。
方法：选择定性方法来调查女性的经历。我们对11名女高中教师进行了深入采访，并通过一个焦点小组补充了材料，该小组有来自同一组织的五名经理。访谈被逐字记录和转录。为了分析过程的一致性，我们使用了反身主题分析的六个步骤。
结果：老师们分享了妇女健康领域中的各种经验丰富的健康问题和工作环境中的障碍。确定了四个主要主题：（1）工作中妇女健康的隐形，(2)工作中妇女健康的复杂性和缺乏认识，（3）工作环境中的女性健康和（4）女性健康与角色冲突。两个线人之间几乎没有矛盾。我们发现健康，工作和总生活交织在一起，这种复杂性，缺乏对女性健康的认识和不可见性在不同层面上出现了一种相互影响:对于女性自身,在组织和社会中。
结论：在工作环境中缺乏对妇女健康的认识和忽视，这表明会影响妇女的工作参与。女性健康的复杂性并没有被工作环境中旨在保护和促进员工职业健康的性别中立结构所体现。因此，在工作环境中承认妇女的健康可以促进性别平等，促进健康和可持续的工作生活。
