Abstract：
Several International Federations (IFs) employ specific policies to protect athletes\' health from the danger of heat. Most policies rely on the measurement of thermal indices such as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) to estimate the risk of heat-related illness. This review summarises the policies implemented by the 32 IFs of the 45 sports included in the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. It provides details into the venue type, measured parameters, used thermal indices, measurement procedures, mitigation strategies and specifies whether the policy is a recommendation or a requirement. Additionally, a categorisation of sports\' heat stress risk is proposed. Among the 15 sports identified as high, very high or extreme risk, one did not have a heat policy, three did not specify any parameter measurement, one relied on water temperature, two on air temperature and relative humidity, seven on WBGT (six measured on-site and one estimated) and one on the Heat Stress Index. However, indices currently used in sports have been developed for soldiers or workers and may not adequately reflect the thermal strain endured by athletes. Notably, they do not account for the athletes\' high metabolic heat production and their level of acclimation. It is, therefore, worthwhile listing the relevance of the thermal indices used by IFs to quantify the risk of heat stress, and in the near future, develop an index adapted to the specific needs of athletes.
摘要：
一些国际联合会（IFs）采用特定的政策来保护运动员的健康免受高温的危害。大多数政策都依赖于诸如湿球温度（WBGT）之类的热指标的测量来估计与热有关的疾病的风险。这篇评论总结了2024年巴黎奥运会包括的45项运动中的32项IF实施的政策。它提供了场地类型的详细信息，测量参数,使用的热指数，测量程序，缓解策略，并指定该策略是建议还是要求。此外,提出了对运动热应激风险的分类。在被确定为高的15项运动中，非常高或极端的风险，一个人没有热力政策，三个没有指定任何参数测量，一个依赖于水温，两个关于空气温度和相对湿度，WBGT上有7个（现场测量6个，估计1个），热应力指数上有1个。然而,目前在体育运动中使用的指数是为士兵或工人制定的，可能无法充分反映运动员承受的热压力。值得注意的是,他们不考虑运动员的高代谢产热和他们的适应水平。是的,因此,值得列出IFs用于量化热应力风险的热指数的相关性，在不久的将来,制定适合运动员特定需求的指数。
