Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Discrimination, bullying, and harassment in medicine have been reported internationally, but exposures for Indigenous medical students and physicians, and for racism specifically, remain less examined.
UNASSIGNED: To examine the prevalence of racism, discrimination, bullying, and harassment for Māori medical students and physicians in New Zealand and associations with demographic and clinical characteristics.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study used data from an anonymous national survey of Māori medical students and physicians in New Zealand in late 2021 and early 2022. Data were analyzed from March 2022 to April 2024.
UNASSIGNED: Age, gender, marginalized status (ie, in addition to being Māori, belonging to other groups traditionally marginalized or underrepresented in medicine), year of medical school, year of graduation, and main work role.
UNASSIGNED: Direct and witnessed racism, discrimination, bullying, and harassment were measured as any experience in the last year and ever. Any exposure to negative comments about social groups and witnessing discriminatory treatment toward Māori patients or whānau (extended family). Considering leaving medicine, including because of mistreatment, was measured.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 205 Māori medical students (median [IQR] age, 23.1 [21.6-24.3] years; 137 [67.2%] women) and 200 physicians (median [IQR] age, 36.6 [30.1-45.3] years; 123 [62.8%] women) responded. Direct and witnessed exposure to racism (184 students [91.5%]; 176 physicians [90.7%]) and discrimination (176 students [85.9%]; 179 physicians [89.5%]) ever in medical education, training, or work environments was common. Ever exposure to witnessed and direct bullying (123 students [66.5%]; 150 physicians [89.3%]) and harassment (73 students [39.5%]; 112 physicians [66.7%]) was also common. Most respondents reported witnessing Māori patients or their whānau being treated badly in clinical settings, in direct interactions (67 students [57.8%]; 112 physicians [58.9%]) or behind their backs (87 students [75.0%]; 138 physicians [72.6%]). One-quarter of Māori medical students (45 students), and 37.0% of physicians (61 physicians) had considered leaving or taken a break from medicine because of these experiences. Additional marginalized statuses were significantly associated with any direct experience of mistreatment in the last year for students and physicians. Exposure to some forms of mistreatment were also significantly associated with higher likelihood of thinking about leaving or taking a break from medicine for physicians.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, Māori medical students and physicians reported high exposure to multiple forms of racism, discrimination, bullying, and harassment in medical education, training, and work environments, requiring an urgent response from medical institutions.
UNASSIGNED: To examine the prevalence of racism, discrimination, bullying, and harassment for Māori medical students and physicians in New Zealand and associations with demographic and clinical characteristics.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study used data from an anonymous national survey of Māori medical students and physicians in New Zealand in late 2021 and early 2022. Data were analyzed from March 2022 to April 2024.
UNASSIGNED: Age, gender, marginalized status (ie, in addition to being Māori, belonging to other groups traditionally marginalized or underrepresented in medicine), year of medical school, year of graduation, and main work role.
UNASSIGNED: Direct and witnessed racism, discrimination, bullying, and harassment were measured as any experience in the last year and ever. Any exposure to negative comments about social groups and witnessing discriminatory treatment toward Māori patients or whānau (extended family). Considering leaving medicine, including because of mistreatment, was measured.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 205 Māori medical students (median [IQR] age, 23.1 [21.6-24.3] years; 137 [67.2%] women) and 200 physicians (median [IQR] age, 36.6 [30.1-45.3] years; 123 [62.8%] women) responded. Direct and witnessed exposure to racism (184 students [91.5%]; 176 physicians [90.7%]) and discrimination (176 students [85.9%]; 179 physicians [89.5%]) ever in medical education, training, or work environments was common. Ever exposure to witnessed and direct bullying (123 students [66.5%]; 150 physicians [89.3%]) and harassment (73 students [39.5%]; 112 physicians [66.7%]) was also common. Most respondents reported witnessing Māori patients or their whānau being treated badly in clinical settings, in direct interactions (67 students [57.8%]; 112 physicians [58.9%]) or behind their backs (87 students [75.0%]; 138 physicians [72.6%]). One-quarter of Māori medical students (45 students), and 37.0% of physicians (61 physicians) had considered leaving or taken a break from medicine because of these experiences. Additional marginalized statuses were significantly associated with any direct experience of mistreatment in the last year for students and physicians. Exposure to some forms of mistreatment were also significantly associated with higher likelihood of thinking about leaving or taking a break from medicine for physicians.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, Māori medical students and physicians reported high exposure to multiple forms of racism, discrimination, bullying, and harassment in medical education, training, and work environments, requiring an urgent response from medical institutions.
摘要：
■歧视，欺凌,国际上已经报道了医学方面的骚扰，但是土著医学生和医生的暴露，特别是种族主义，少检查。
■为了研究种族主义的普遍性，歧视,欺凌,以及骚扰新西兰的毛利人医学生和医生以及具有人口统计学和临床特征的协会。
■这项横断面研究使用了2021年底和2022年初对新西兰毛利医学生和医生进行的一项匿名全国调查的数据。数据从2022年3月到2024年4月进行了分析。
■年龄，性别,边缘化地位(即，除了是毛利人，属于传统上被边缘化或在医学中代表性不足的其他群体)，医学院的一年，毕业那年,和主要工作作用。
■直接和见证的种族主义，歧视,欺凌,和骚扰被衡量为去年和以往的任何经历。任何对社会群体的负面评论以及目睹对毛利人患者或whānau（大家庭）的歧视性待遇的接触。考虑离开医学，包括因为虐待,是测量的。
■总的来说，205名毛利医学生（年龄中位数[IQR]，23.1[21.6-24.3]岁；137[67.2%]女性）和200名医生（中位[IQR]年龄，36.6[30.1-45.3]岁；123[62.8%]名妇女）做出回应。在医学教育中直接和目睹了种族主义（184名学生[91.5%]；176名医生[90.7%]）和歧视（176名学生[85.9%]；179名医生[89.5%]），培训,或者工作环境很常见。经常遭受目击和直接欺凌（123名学生[66.5％]；150名医生[89.3％]）和骚扰（73名学生[39.5％]；112名医生[66.7％]）也很常见。大多数受访者报告说，目睹毛利人患者或他们的whānau在临床环境中受到不良治疗，直接互动（67名学生[57.8%]；112名医生[58.9%]）或背后互动（87名学生[75.0%]；138名医生[72.6%]）。四分之一的毛利医学生（45名学生），37.0％的医生（61名医生）因为这些经历而考虑离开或休息。其他边缘化状态与去年学生和医生的任何直接虐待经历显着相关。暴露于某些形式的虐待也与考虑离开或休息医生的可能性更高有关。
■在这项研究中，毛利人的医学生和医生报告说，他们很容易遭受多种形式的种族主义，歧视,欺凌,以及医学教育中的骚扰，培训,和工作环境，需要医疗机构的紧急回应。
■为了研究种族主义的普遍性，歧视,欺凌,以及骚扰新西兰的毛利人医学生和医生以及具有人口统计学和临床特征的协会。
■这项横断面研究使用了2021年底和2022年初对新西兰毛利医学生和医生进行的一项匿名全国调查的数据。数据从2022年3月到2024年4月进行了分析。
■年龄，性别,边缘化地位(即，除了是毛利人，属于传统上被边缘化或在医学中代表性不足的其他群体)，医学院的一年，毕业那年,和主要工作作用。
■直接和见证的种族主义，歧视,欺凌,和骚扰被衡量为去年和以往的任何经历。任何对社会群体的负面评论以及目睹对毛利人患者或whānau（大家庭）的歧视性待遇的接触。考虑离开医学，包括因为虐待,是测量的。
■总的来说，205名毛利医学生（年龄中位数[IQR]，23.1[21.6-24.3]岁；137[67.2%]女性）和200名医生（中位[IQR]年龄，36.6[30.1-45.3]岁；123[62.8%]名妇女）做出回应。在医学教育中直接和目睹了种族主义（184名学生[91.5%]；176名医生[90.7%]）和歧视（176名学生[85.9%]；179名医生[89.5%]），培训,或者工作环境很常见。经常遭受目击和直接欺凌（123名学生[66.5％]；150名医生[89.3％]）和骚扰（73名学生[39.5％]；112名医生[66.7％]）也很常见。大多数受访者报告说，目睹毛利人患者或他们的whānau在临床环境中受到不良治疗，直接互动（67名学生[57.8%]；112名医生[58.9%]）或背后互动（87名学生[75.0%]；138名医生[72.6%]）。四分之一的毛利医学生（45名学生），37.0％的医生（61名医生）因为这些经历而考虑离开或休息。其他边缘化状态与去年学生和医生的任何直接虐待经历显着相关。暴露于某些形式的虐待也与考虑离开或休息医生的可能性更高有关。
■在这项研究中，毛利人的医学生和医生报告说，他们很容易遭受多种形式的种族主义，歧视,欺凌,以及医学教育中的骚扰，培训,和工作环境，需要医疗机构的紧急回应。
