Abstract：
We present palaeogenomes of three morphologically unidentified Anatolian equids dating to the first millennium BCE, sequenced to a coverage of 0.6-6.4×. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of the Anatolian individuals clustered with those of Equus hydruntinus (or Equus hemionus hydruntinus), the extinct European wild ass, secular name \'hydruntine\'. Further, the Anatolian wild ass whole genome profiles fell outside the genomic diversity of other extant and past Asiatic wild ass (E. hemionus) lineages. These observations suggest that the three Anatolian wild asses represent hydruntines, making them the latest recorded survivors of this lineage, about a millennium later than the latest observations in the zooarchaeological record. Our mitogenomic and genomic analyses indicate that E. h. hydruntinus was a clade belonging to ancient and present-day E. hemionus lineages that radiated possibly between 0.6 and 0.8 Mya. We also find evidence consistent with recent gene flow between hydruntines and Middle Eastern wild asses. Analyses of genome-wide heterozygosity and runs of homozygosity suggest that the Anatolian wild ass population may have lost genetic diversity by the mid-first millennium BCE, a possible sign of its eventual demise.
摘要：
我们介绍了可追溯到公元前一千年的三种形态上未识别的安纳托利亚动物的古基因组，测序覆盖率为0.6-6.4倍。安纳托利亚个体的线粒体DNA单倍型与马hydyntinus（或马hemionushydyntinus）的单倍型聚集在一起，已经灭绝的欧洲野驴,世俗名称\'hydruntine\'。Further,安纳托利亚野驴全基因组图谱落在其他现存和过去的亚洲野驴的基因组多样性之外(E.hemionus）血统。这些观察结果表明，这三个安纳托利亚野驴代表九头蛇，使他们成为这个血统的最新记录幸存者，比动物考古记录中的最新观察晚了大约一千年。我们的有丝分裂基因组和基因组分析表明，E.h.hydrontinus是属于古代和当今的E.hemionus谱系的进化枝，辐射可能在0.6和0.8Mya之间。我们还发现了与最近的水龙和中东野驴之间的基因流一致的证据。全基因组杂合性和纯合性序列的分析表明，到公元前一千年中期，安纳托利亚野驴种群可能已经失去了遗传多样性，它最终灭亡的可能迹象.
