PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Nasally colonized staphylococci carry antibiotic resistance genes and may lead to serious opportunistic infections. We are investigating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci other than S. aureus (SOSA) among young volunteers in Egypt to determine their risk potential. Nasal swabs collected over 1 week in June 2019 from 196 volunteers were cultured for staphylococcus isolation. The participants were interviewed to assess sex, age, general health, hospitalization and personal hygiene habits. Identification was carried out using biochemical tests and VITEK 2 automated system. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Screening for macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermT and msrA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty four S. aureus and 69 SOSA were obtained. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected among most staphylococcal species, ranging from 30.77% among S. hominis to 50% among S. epidermidis. Phenotypic resistance to all tested antibiotics, except for linezolid, was observed. Susceptibility to rifampicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin was highest. ermB showed the highest prevalence among all species (79.41% and 94.2% among S. aureus and SOSA, respectively), and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance was equally observed in S. aureus and SOSA (11.11% and 16.22%, respectively), whereas inducible MLSB resistance was more often found in S. aureus (77.78% and 43.24%, respectively). The species or resistance level of the carried isolates were not significantly associated with previous hospitalization or underlying diseases. Although over all colonization and carriage of resistance genes are within normal ranges, the increased carriage of MDR S. aureus is alarming. Also, the fact that many macrolide resitance genes were detected should be a warning sign, particularly in case of MLSB inducible phenotype. More in depth analysis using whole genome sequencing would give a better insight into the MDR staphylococci in the community in Egypt.
摘要：
鼻腔定植的葡萄球菌携带抗生素耐药基因，可能导致严重的机会性感染。我们正在调查埃及年轻志愿者中除金黄色葡萄球菌（SOSA）以外的金黄色葡萄球菌和葡萄球菌的鼻腔携带，以确定其潜在风险。2019年6月，从196名志愿者中收集了1周以上的鼻拭子，用于分离葡萄球菌。参与者接受了访谈以评估性别，年龄,一般健康,住院和个人卫生习惯。使用生化测试和VITEK2自动化系统进行鉴定。进行圆盘扩散和最低抑制浓度测试以确定抗生素敏感性。筛选大环内酯抗性基因(ermA，ermB,ermC,ermT和msrA）使用聚合酶链反应进行。获得34个金黄色葡萄球菌和69个SOSA。在大多数葡萄球菌中检测到多重耐药性（MDR），从人类链球菌的30.77%到表皮葡萄球菌的50%不等。对所有测试抗生素的表型抗性，除了利奈唑胺,被观察到。对利福平的易感性,万古霉素和替考拉宁最高。ermB在所有物种中患病率最高(金黄色葡萄球菌和SOSA分别为79.41%和94.2%,分别)，在金黄色葡萄球菌和SOSA中观察到了组成型大环内酯-lincosamide-链谱蛋白B（MLSB）耐药性（11.11％和16.22％，分别)，而诱导型MLSB抗性更常见于金黄色葡萄球菌(77.78%和43.24%，分别)。携带的分离株的种类或抗性水平与先前的住院或潜在疾病没有显着相关。尽管所有抗性基因的定植和携带都在正常范围内，MDR金黄色葡萄球菌的携带增加令人担忧。此外，检测到许多大环内酯抗性基因的事实应该是一个警告信号，特别是在MLSB诱导型表型的情况下。使用全基因组测序进行更深入的分析将更好地了解埃及社区的MDR葡萄球菌。
