PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Kidney stone disease has a multifactorial etiology, and evolving dietary habits necessitate continuous updates on the impact of dietary components on lithogenesis. The relationship between diseases influenced by lifestyle, such as obesity and diabetes, and kidney stone risk underscores the need for comprehensive lifestyle analysis. Effective management of kidney stones requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration among nutritionists, urologists, nephrologists, and other healthcare professionals to address the complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, and individual susceptibility. Personalized dietary therapy, based on each patient\'s unique biochemical and dietary profile, is essential and necessitates comprehensive nutritional assessments. Accurate dietary intake evaluation is best achieved through seven-day, real-time dietary records. Key factors influencing urinary risk include fluid intake, dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium, and sodium chloride. Personalized interventions, such as customized dietary changes based on gut microbiota, may improve stone prevention and recurrence. Current research suggests individualized guidance on alcohol intake and indicates that tea and coffee consumption might protect against urolithiasis. There is potential evidence linking tobacco use and secondhand smoke to increased kidney stone risk. The effects of vitamins and physical activity on kidney stone risk remain unresolved due to mixed evidence. For diseases influenced by lifestyle, conclusive evidence on targeted interventions for nephrolithiasis prevention is lacking, though preliminary research suggests potential benefits. Management strategies emphasize lifestyle modifications to reduce recurrence risks, support rapid recovery, and identify predisposing conditions, highlighting the importance of these changes despite inconclusive data.
摘要：
肾结石疾病具有多因素病因，不断发展的饮食习惯需要不断更新饮食成分对成岩作用的影响。受生活方式影响的疾病之间的关系，比如肥胖和糖尿病，肾结石风险强调了对生活方式进行全面分析的必要性。肾结石的有效管理需要多学科的方法,涉及营养学家之间的合作，泌尿科医师,肾脏病学家,和其他医疗保健专业人员来解决饮食之间复杂的相互作用，生活方式,和个体易感性。个性化的饮食疗法，根据每个患者独特的生化和饮食概况，是必不可少的，需要进行全面的营养评估。准确的饮食摄入量评估最好在七天内实现，实时饮食记录。影响泌尿风险的关键因素包括液体摄入量，膳食蛋白质，碳水化合物,草酸盐,钙，还有氯化钠.个性化干预,例如基于肠道微生物群的定制饮食变化，可以改善结石的预防和复发。目前的研究建议对酒精摄入进行个性化指导，并表明茶和咖啡的消费可能会预防尿石症。有潜在证据表明烟草使用和二手烟与肾结石风险增加有关。维生素和体力活动对肾结石风险的影响仍未解决，因为证据不一。对于受生活方式影响的疾病，缺乏针对肾结石预防的针对性干预措施的确凿证据，尽管初步研究表明了潜在的好处。管理策略强调改变生活方式以减少复发风险，支持快速恢复，并确定易感条件，强调这些变化的重要性，尽管数据不确定。
