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Abstract：
Phytochemicals and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been found to modulate gut function and health. However, whether these metabolites modulate gut ion transport and serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and signaling requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selected phytochemicals and Trp metabolites on the ion transport and 5-HT metabolism and signaling in the ileum of mice in vitro using the Ussing chamber technique. During the in vitro incubation, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) reduced (p < 0.05) the short-circuit current, and 100 μM chlorogenic acid (CGA) (p = 0.12) and perillic acid (PA) (p = 0.14) had a tendency to reduce the short-circuit current of the ileum. Compared with the control, PA and N-acetylserotonin treatment upregulated the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), while 100 μM cinnamic acid, indolelactic acid (ILA), and 10 μM CGA or indoleacetaldehyde (IAld) treatments downregulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of Tph1. In addition, 10 μM IAld or 100 μM ILA upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of monoamine oxidase A (Maoa). However, 10 μM CGA or 100 μM PA downregulated (p < 0.05) Maoa expression. All selected phytochemicals and Trp metabolites upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of Htr4 and Htr7 compared to that of the control group. VMA and CGA reduced (p < 0.05) the ratios of Htr1a/Htr7 and Htr4/Htr7. These findings may help to elucidate the effects of phytochemicals and Trp metabolites on the regulation of gut ion transport and 5-HT signaling-related gut homeostasis in health and disease.
摘要：
已发现植物化学物质和色氨酸（Trp）代谢产物可调节肠道功能和健康。然而,这些代谢物是否调节肠离子转运和5-羟色胺（5-HT）代谢和信号传导需要进一步研究。本研究的目的是使用Ussing室技术研究选定的植物化学物质和Trp代谢物对体外小鼠回肠中离子转运和5-HT代谢和信号传导的影响。在体外培养过程中,香草扁桃酸（VMA）降低了（p<0.05）短路电流，100μM绿原酸（CGA）（p=0.12）和perillic酸（PA）（p=0.14）具有降低回肠短路电流的趋势。与对照相比，PA和N-乙酰5-羟色胺处理上调色氨酸羟化酶1（Tph1）的表达，而100μM肉桂酸，吲哚乳酸(ILA),和10μMCGA或吲哚乙醛(IAld)处理下调(p<0.05)Tph1的mRNA水平。此外,10μMILD或100μMILA上调(p<0.05)单胺氧化酶A(Maoa)的表达。然而,10μMCGA或100μMPA下调(p<0.05)Maoa表达。与对照组相比,所有选择的植物化学物质和Trp代谢物上调(p<0.05)Htr4和Htr7的表达。VMA和CGA降低了Htr1a/Htr7和Htr4/Htr7的比率(p<0.05)。这些发现可能有助于阐明植物化学物质和Trp代谢物对健康和疾病中肠道离子转运和5-HT信号相关肠道稳态的调节的影响。
