Abstract：
The inactivation of viruses in aerosol particles (aerosols) and droplets depends on many factors, but the precise mechanisms of inactivation are not known. The system involves complex physical and biochemical interactions. We reviewed the literature to establish current knowledge about these mechanisms and identify knowledge gaps. We identified 168 relevant papers and grouped results by the following factors: virus type and structure, aerosol or droplet size, temperature, relative humidity (RH) and evaporation, chemical composition of the aerosol or droplet, pH and atmospheric composition. These factors influence the dynamic microenvironment surrounding a virion and thus may affect its inactivation. Results indicate that viruses experience biphasic decay as the carrier aerosols or droplets undergo evaporation and equilibrate with the surrounding air, and their final physical state (liquid, semi-solid or solid) depends on RH. Virus stability, RH and temperature are interrelated, but the effects of RH are multifaceted and still not completely understood. Studies on the impact of pH and atmospheric composition on virus stability have raised new questions that require further exploration. The frequent practice of studying virus inactivation in large droplets and culture media may limit our understanding of inactivation mechanisms that are relevant for transmission, so we encourage the use of particles of physiologically relevant size and composition in future research.
摘要：
气溶胶颗粒（气溶胶）和液滴中病毒的灭活取决于许多因素，但确切的失活机制尚不清楚。该系统涉及复杂的物理和生化相互作用。我们回顾了文献，以建立有关这些机制的最新知识并确定知识差距。我们确定了168篇相关论文，并根据以下因素对结果进行了分组：病毒类型和结构，气溶胶或液滴大小，温度,相对湿度（RH）和蒸发，气溶胶或液滴的化学成分，pH和大气成分。这些因素影响病毒体周围的动态微环境，因此可能影响其失活。结果表明，随着载体气溶胶或液滴蒸发并与周围空气平衡，病毒会经历双相衰变。以及它们最终的物理状态(液体，半固体或固体）取决于RH。病毒稳定性,相对湿度和温度是相互关联的,但RH的影响是多方面的，仍然没有完全理解。关于pH和大气成分对病毒稳定性的影响的研究提出了需要进一步探索的新问题。在大液滴和培养基中研究病毒灭活的频繁实践可能会限制我们对与传播相关的灭活机制的理解，因此，我们鼓励在未来的研究中使用生理相关大小和组成的颗粒。
