PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the mechanisms of interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation in older adults living in nursing homes through the involvement of primary and secondary informal caregivers.
METHODS: This scoping review was performed by two independent reviewers, covering the period between 2011 and 2022 and the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus. It included terms related to (A) informal caregivers, (B) nursing homes, (C) psychosocial interventions, (D) involvement and (E) social isolation or loneliness.
RESULTS: Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Although there were various definitions and assessment tools related to social isolation and loneliness, the studies referred to three dimensions of these concepts in nursing home residents: the quantity of social interactions, the perception of these encounters and biographical changes in social relationships. Most studies did not explicate the mechanisms of these interventions. The review uncovered the following aspects of intervention mechanisms: increasing opportunities for social contact, creating meaningful encounters, maintaining existing relationships with primary informal caregivers and establishing new ones with secondary informal caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS: Studies reporting on interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation in nursing home residents need to clarify and detail their intervention mechanisms in order to foster more targeted interventions. In addition, there is a need for further research on large-scale programs or care philosophies in this field and the development of intervention designs, which allow for tailored intervention formats in order to respond to the individual perception of social relationships.
METHODS: This scoping review was performed by two independent reviewers, covering the period between 2011 and 2022 and the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus. It included terms related to (A) informal caregivers, (B) nursing homes, (C) psychosocial interventions, (D) involvement and (E) social isolation or loneliness.
RESULTS: Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Although there were various definitions and assessment tools related to social isolation and loneliness, the studies referred to three dimensions of these concepts in nursing home residents: the quantity of social interactions, the perception of these encounters and biographical changes in social relationships. Most studies did not explicate the mechanisms of these interventions. The review uncovered the following aspects of intervention mechanisms: increasing opportunities for social contact, creating meaningful encounters, maintaining existing relationships with primary informal caregivers and establishing new ones with secondary informal caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS: Studies reporting on interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation in nursing home residents need to clarify and detail their intervention mechanisms in order to foster more targeted interventions. In addition, there is a need for further research on large-scale programs or care philosophies in this field and the development of intervention designs, which allow for tailored intervention formats in order to respond to the individual perception of social relationships.
摘要：
目的：阐明通过主要和次要非正式照顾者的参与来解决养老院老年人孤独感和社会隔离问题的干预机制。
方法：这项范围审查是由两名独立的审查人员进行的，涵盖2011年至2022年期间和MEDLINE数据库，CINAHL,PsycINFO和Scopus。它包括与(A)非正式护理人员有关的术语，(B)疗养院，(C)社会心理干预，（D）参与和（E）社会孤立或孤独。
结果：33项研究符合纳入标准。尽管有各种定义和评估工具与社会孤立和孤独有关，这些研究在养老院居民中提到了这些概念的三个维度：社会交往的数量，对这些相遇的感知和社会关系的传记变化。大多数研究没有阐明这些干预措施的机制。审查揭示了干预机制的以下方面：增加社会接触的机会，创造有意义的相遇，保持与主要非正式护理人员的现有关系，并与次要非正式护理人员建立新的关系。
结论：关于解决养老院居民孤独感和社会隔离的干预措施的研究报告需要澄清和详细说明其干预机制，以促进更有针对性的干预措施。此外,有必要对这一领域的大规模计划或护理理念进行进一步研究，并开发干预设计，它允许量身定制的干预格式，以回应个人对社会关系的看法。
方法：这项范围审查是由两名独立的审查人员进行的，涵盖2011年至2022年期间和MEDLINE数据库，CINAHL,PsycINFO和Scopus。它包括与(A)非正式护理人员有关的术语，(B)疗养院，(C)社会心理干预，（D）参与和（E）社会孤立或孤独。
结果：33项研究符合纳入标准。尽管有各种定义和评估工具与社会孤立和孤独有关，这些研究在养老院居民中提到了这些概念的三个维度：社会交往的数量，对这些相遇的感知和社会关系的传记变化。大多数研究没有阐明这些干预措施的机制。审查揭示了干预机制的以下方面：增加社会接触的机会，创造有意义的相遇，保持与主要非正式护理人员的现有关系，并与次要非正式护理人员建立新的关系。
结论：关于解决养老院居民孤独感和社会隔离的干预措施的研究报告需要澄清和详细说明其干预机制，以促进更有针对性的干预措施。此外,有必要对这一领域的大规模计划或护理理念进行进一步研究，并开发干预设计，它允许量身定制的干预格式，以回应个人对社会关系的看法。
