PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Participants between the ages of 10-86 years old were vaccinated with split-inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) in six consecutive influenza seasons from 2016-2017 to 2021-2022. Vaccine effectiveness varies from season to season as a result of both host immune responses as well as evolutionary changes in the influenza virus surface glycoproteins that provide challenges to vaccine manufacturers to produce more effective annual vaccines. Next generation influenza vaccines are in development and may provide protective immune responses against a broader number of influenza viruses and reduce the need for annual vaccination. An improved understanding how current influenza vaccines are influenced by human host immune responses in people of different ages and co-morbidities is necessary for designing the next-generation of \'universal\' or broadly-protective influenza vaccines. Overall, pre-existing immune responses to previous influenza virus exposures, either by past infections or vaccinations, is a critical factor influencing host responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Participants vaccinated in consecutive seasons had reduced serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against strains included in the vaccine compared to participants that had not been vaccinated in the preceding 1-2 years prior to entering this study. The magnitude and breadth of these antibody responses were also modulated by the age of the participant. Elderly participants over 65 years of age, in general, had lower pre-existing HAI titers each season prior to vaccination with lower post-vaccination titers compared to children or young adults under the age of 35. The administration of higher doses (HD) of the split-inactivated vaccine enhanced the antibody titers in the elderly. This report showcases 6 consecutive years of antibody HAI activity in human subjects receiving seasonal split-inactivated influenza vaccine.
摘要：
从2016-2017年到2021-2022年连续六个流感季节，年龄在10-86岁之间的参与者接种了裂解灭活流感疫苗（Fluzone®）。由于宿主免疫反应以及流感病毒表面糖蛋白的进化变化，疫苗的有效性因季节而异，这为疫苗制造商生产更有效的年度疫苗提供了挑战。下一代流感疫苗正在开发中，可以提供针对更多流感病毒的保护性免疫反应，并减少每年接种疫苗的需求。对于设计下一代“通用”或广泛保护性流感疫苗，有必要更好地了解当前流感疫苗如何受到不同年龄人群中人类宿主免疫反应和合并症的影响。总的来说,对先前流感病毒暴露的预先存在的免疫反应，无论是过去的感染还是疫苗接种，是影响宿主对季节性流感疫苗接种反应的关键因素。与在进入本研究之前的前1-2年未接种疫苗的参与者相比，在连续季节接种疫苗的参与者对疫苗中包含的菌株的血清血凝抑制（HAI）活性降低。这些抗体应答的幅度和广度也受参与者年龄的调节。65岁以上的老年参与者，总的来说,与35岁以下的儿童或年轻人相比，疫苗接种前每个季节的预先存在的HAI滴度较低，疫苗接种后的滴度较低。高剂量（HD）的裂解灭活疫苗的施用提高了老年人的抗体滴度。该报告显示了接受季节性裂解灭活流感疫苗的人类受试者中连续6年的抗体HAI活性。
