Abstract：
Biologists have long sought to predict the distribution of species across landscapes to understand biodiversity patterns and dynamics. These efforts usually integrate ecological niche and dispersal dynamics, but evolution can also mediate these ecological dynamics. Species that disperse well and arrive early might adapt to local conditions, which creates an evolution-mediated priority effect that alters biodiversity patterns. Yet, dispersal is also a trait that can evolve and affect evolution-mediated priority effects. We developed an individual-based model where populations of competing species can adapt not only to local environments but also to different dispersal probabilities. We found that lower regional species diversity selects for populations with higher dispersal probabilities and stronger evolution-mediated priority effects. When all species evolved dispersal, they monopolized fewer patches and did so at the same rates. When only one of the species evolved dispersal, it evolved lower dispersal than highly dispersive species and monopolized habitats once freed from maladaptive gene flow. Overall, we demonstrate that dispersal evolution can shape evolution-mediated priority effects when provided with a greater ecological opportunity in species-poor communities. Dispersal- and evolution-mediated priority effects probably play greater roles in species-poor regions like the upper latitudes, isolated islands and in changing environments. This article is part of the theme issue \'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics\'.
摘要：
生物学家长期以来一直试图预测物种在景观中的分布，以了解生物多样性的模式和动态。这些努力通常整合生态位和扩散动态，但是进化也可以调节这些生态动态。散布良好并提早到达的物种可能会适应当地条件，这创造了一种进化介导的优先效应，改变了生物多样性模式。然而，分散也是一种可以进化并影响进化介导的优先效应的性状。我们开发了一种基于个体的模型，其中竞争物种的种群不仅可以适应当地环境，而且可以适应不同的扩散概率。我们发现，较低的区域物种多样性选择了具有较高扩散概率和较强进化介导的优先效应的种群。当所有物种进化扩散时，他们垄断了更少的补丁，并以同样的速度这样做。当只有一个物种进化扩散时，一旦摆脱了适应不良的基因流，它就进化出了比高度分散的物种更低的分散性和垄断的栖息地。总的来说,我们证明，当在物种贫乏的群落中提供更大的生态机会时，扩散进化可以形成进化介导的优先效应。分散和进化介导的优先效应可能在像高纬度这样的物种匮乏地区发挥更大的作用，孤立的岛屿和不断变化的环境。本文是主题问题“扩散的多样性依赖性：种间相互作用决定空间动力学”的一部分。
