Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is nowadays used to study the exercise response in healthy subjects and in disease. Ventilatory efficiency is one of the main determinants in exercise tolerance, and its main variables are a useful tool to guide pathophysiologists toward specific diagnostic pathways, providing prognostic information and improving disease management, treatment, and outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: This review will be based on today\'s available scientific evidence, describing the main physiological determinants of ventilatory efficiency at rest and during exercise, and focusing also on how CPET variables are modified in specific diseases, leading to the possibility of early diagnosis and management.
UNASSIGNED: Growing knowledge on CPET interpretation and a wider use of this clinical tool is expected in order to offer more precise diagnostic and prognostic information to patients and clinicians, helping in the management of therapeutic decisions. Future research could be able to identify new and more simple markers of ventilatory efficiency, and to individuate new interventions for the improvement of symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea.
UNASSIGNED: This review will be based on today\'s available scientific evidence, describing the main physiological determinants of ventilatory efficiency at rest and during exercise, and focusing also on how CPET variables are modified in specific diseases, leading to the possibility of early diagnosis and management.
UNASSIGNED: Growing knowledge on CPET interpretation and a wider use of this clinical tool is expected in order to offer more precise diagnostic and prognostic information to patients and clinicians, helping in the management of therapeutic decisions. Future research could be able to identify new and more simple markers of ventilatory efficiency, and to individuate new interventions for the improvement of symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea.
摘要：
■如今，心肺运动测试（CPET）用于研究健康受试者和疾病中的运动反应。换气效率是运动耐量的主要决定因素之一,它的主要变量是指导病理生理学家走向特定诊断途径的有用工具，提供预后信息并改善疾病管理，治疗和结果。
■本评论将基于今天可用的科学证据，描述休息和运动期间通气效率的主要生理决定因素，并关注CPET变量在特定疾病中的修改，导致早期诊断和治疗的可能性。
■为了向患者和临床医生提供更精确的诊断和预后信息，人们期望对CPET解释和更广泛地使用这种临床工具的知识不断增长。帮助管理治疗决策。未来的研究可能能够确定新的和更简单的通气效率标记，并个性化新的干预措施来改善症状，如劳力性呼吸困难。
■本评论将基于今天可用的科学证据，描述休息和运动期间通气效率的主要生理决定因素，并关注CPET变量在特定疾病中的修改，导致早期诊断和治疗的可能性。
■为了向患者和临床医生提供更精确的诊断和预后信息，人们期望对CPET解释和更广泛地使用这种临床工具的知识不断增长。帮助管理治疗决策。未来的研究可能能够确定新的和更简单的通气效率标记，并个性化新的干预措施来改善症状，如劳力性呼吸困难。
