Abstract：
Biological effects of aqueous fractions of a crude oil, alone or in combination with dispersant, were investigated in mussels, Mytilus edulis, exposed at three temperatures (5, 10 and 15 °C). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tissue concentrations were determined, together with genotoxicity, oxidative stress and general stress biomarkers and the Integrated Biological Response (IBR) index. The bioaccumulation of individual PAHs varied depending on the exposure temperature, with relevant bioaccumulation of phenantrene and fluoranthene at 5 °C and heavier (e.g. 5-rings) PAHs at 15 °C. The values and response profiles of each particular biomarker varied with exposure time, concentration of the oil aqueous fraction and dispersant addition, as well as with exposure temperature. Indeed, PAH bioaccumulation and biomarker responsiveness exhibited specific recognizable patterns in mussels exposed at low temperatures. Thus, genotoxicity was recorded early and transient at 5 °C and delayed but unremitting at 10-15 °C. Catalase activity presented a temperature-dependent response profile similar to the genotoxicity biomarker; however, glutathione-S-transferase responsiveness was more intricate. Lysosomal membrane stability in digestive cells decreased more markedly at 5 °C than at higher temperatures and the histological appearance of the digestive gland tissue was temperature-specific, which was interpreted as the combined effects of PAH toxicity and cold stress. It can be concluded that the profile and level of the biological effects are definitely different at low temperatures naturally occurring in the Arctic/Subarctic region (e.g. 5 °C) than at higher temperatures closer to the thermal optimum of this species (10-15 °C).
摘要：
原油含水馏分的生物效应，单独或与分散剂组合，在贻贝中进行了调查，Mytilusedulis,暴露在三个温度（5，10和15°C）。测定多环芳烃(PAHs)组织浓度,连同遗传毒性，氧化应激和一般应激生物标志物以及综合生物反应(IBR)指数。单个PAHs的生物积累取决于暴露温度，在5°C下酚和荧蒽以及在15°C下重(例如5-环)PAHs的相关生物累积。每个特定生物标志物的值和响应谱随暴露时间而变化，油水馏分的浓度和分散剂的添加，以及暴露温度。的确,在低温下暴露的贻贝中，PAH生物累积和生物标志物反应性表现出特定的可识别模式。因此，遗传毒性在5°C时早期和短暂记录，在10-15°C时延迟但持续存在。过氧化氢酶活性呈现与遗传毒性生物标志物相似的温度依赖性反应曲线；然而，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶反应更为复杂。消化细胞中的溶酶体膜稳定性在5°C下比在较高温度下显着降低，并且消化腺组织的组织学外观是温度特异性的，这被解释为PAH毒性和冷应激的综合作用。可以得出结论，在北极/亚北极地区自然发生的低温（例如5°C）下，生物效应的分布和水平肯定是不同的，而在更接近该物种热最佳温度的较高温度（10-15°C）。
