Abstract：
Contextual information may shape motor resonance and support intention understanding during observation of incomplete, ambiguous actions. It is unclear, however, whether this effect is contingent upon kinematics ambiguity or contextual information is continuously integrated with kinematics to predict the overarching action intention. Moreover, a differentiation between the motor mapping of the intention suggested by context or kinematics has not been clearly demonstrated. In a first action execution phase, 29 participants were asked to perform reaching-to-grasp movements towards big or small food objects with the intention to eat or to move; electromyography from the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) and Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM) was recorded. Depending on object size, the intentions to eat or to move were differently implemented by a whole-hand or a precision grip kinematics, thus qualifying an action-muscle dissociation. Then, in a following action prediction task, the same participants were asked to observe an actor performing the same actions and to predict his/her intention while motor resonance was assessed for the same muscles. Of note, videos were interrupted at early or late action phases, and actions were embedded in contexts pointing toward an eating or a moving intention, congruently or incongruently with kinematics. We found greater involvement of the FDI or ADM in the execution of precision or whole-hand grips, respectively. Crucially, this pattern of activation was mirrored during observation of the same actions in congruent contexts, but it was cancelled out or reversed in the incongruent ones, either when videos were interrupted at either early or long phases of action deployment. Our results extend previous evidence by showing that contextual information shapes motor resonance not only under conditions of perceptual uncertainty but also when more informative kinematics is available.
摘要：
情境信息可能会形成运动共振，并在观察不完整的过程中支持意图理解，模棱两可的行动。不清楚,然而,这种影响是否取决于运动学的歧义或上下文信息与运动学不断整合，以预测总体行动意图。此外，上下文或运动学建议的意图的运动映射之间的差异尚未得到明确证明。在第一个操作执行阶段，29名参与者被要求对大型或小型食物对象进行伸手抓住的动作，以意图进食或移动；记录了来自第一背侧骨间（FDI）和绑架者DigitiMinimi（ADM）的肌电图。根据对象大小，吃或移动的意图是通过全手或精确的抓握运动学来实现的，从而限定动作肌肉分离。然后，在以下动作预测任务中，相同的参与者被要求观察演员执行相同的动作并预测他/她的意图,同时评估相同肌肉的运动共振.值得注意的是，视频在早期或后期的行动阶段被中断，行动嵌入到指向进食或移动意图的上下文中，与运动学一致或不一致。我们发现外国直接投资或ADM更多地参与了精确或全手控制的执行，分别。至关重要的是，这种激活模式反映了在一致的环境中观察相同的动作，但是在不一致的地方被取消或逆转了，当视频在行动部署的早期或长期阶段被中断时。我们的结果通过表明上下文信息不仅在感知不确定性的条件下而且在提供更多信息的运动学时都可以形成运动共振，从而扩展了先前的证据。
