Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how postpolymerization time (PPT) and atmosphere (PPA) influence the surface properties, protein adsorption, and microbial adhesion of two types of additively manufactured (AM) resins used for definitive restorations.
METHODS: Two different types of commercially available AM resins for definitive restorations (UR and CR) were used to create disk-shaped specimens. These specimens were divided into eight groups based on resin type (UR and CR), PPT (standard or extended), and PPA (air or nitrogen). After postpolymerization, the surface roughness (Ra and Sa) and surface free energy (SFE) of all specimens were measured. The study also evaluated protein adsorption, microbial attachment, and cytotoxicity. A non-parametric factorial analysis of variance with post-hoc analyses was conducted, using a significance level (α) of 0.05.
RESULTS: The Ra and Sa values for CR were higher than those for UR, regardless of PPT or PPA (P < 0.05). For UR, SFE was higher with extended PPT compared to standard PPT. CR had higher SFE than UR under standard PPT. The interaction between PPT and PPA had a significant effect on protein adsorption (P < 0.05). When PPT was standard, nitrogen significantly increased protein adsorption compared to air. The interaction between resin type and PPA, and between resin type and PPT, significantly affected microbial adhesion (P < 0.05). The changes in PPT or PPA did not affect the cytotoxicity of either AM resin.
CONCLUSIONS: Surface properties, protein adsorption, and microbial attachment were influenced by the interactions among PPT, PPA, and resin type. These factors can have implications for resin-based definitive restorations.
UNASSIGNED: Clinicians should understand the impact of PPT and PPA on the surface properties of AM resins for definitive restorations, particularly regarding protein adsorption and microbial adhesion. Additionally, the type of AM resin (based on chemical composition) could affect its biological properties.
METHODS: Two different types of commercially available AM resins for definitive restorations (UR and CR) were used to create disk-shaped specimens. These specimens were divided into eight groups based on resin type (UR and CR), PPT (standard or extended), and PPA (air or nitrogen). After postpolymerization, the surface roughness (Ra and Sa) and surface free energy (SFE) of all specimens were measured. The study also evaluated protein adsorption, microbial attachment, and cytotoxicity. A non-parametric factorial analysis of variance with post-hoc analyses was conducted, using a significance level (α) of 0.05.
RESULTS: The Ra and Sa values for CR were higher than those for UR, regardless of PPT or PPA (P < 0.05). For UR, SFE was higher with extended PPT compared to standard PPT. CR had higher SFE than UR under standard PPT. The interaction between PPT and PPA had a significant effect on protein adsorption (P < 0.05). When PPT was standard, nitrogen significantly increased protein adsorption compared to air. The interaction between resin type and PPA, and between resin type and PPT, significantly affected microbial adhesion (P < 0.05). The changes in PPT or PPA did not affect the cytotoxicity of either AM resin.
CONCLUSIONS: Surface properties, protein adsorption, and microbial attachment were influenced by the interactions among PPT, PPA, and resin type. These factors can have implications for resin-based definitive restorations.
UNASSIGNED: Clinicians should understand the impact of PPT and PPA on the surface properties of AM resins for definitive restorations, particularly regarding protein adsorption and microbial adhesion. Additionally, the type of AM resin (based on chemical composition) could affect its biological properties.
摘要：
目的：为了研究后聚合时间（PPT）和气氛（PPA）如何影响表面性能，蛋白质吸附，和用于最终修复的两种类型的增材制造（AM）树脂的微生物粘附。
方法：使用两种不同类型的用于最终修复体的市售AM树脂（UR和CR）来创建盘形标本。根据树脂类型（UR和CR）将这些样品分为八组，PPT（标准或扩展），和PPA（空气或氮气）。后聚合后，测量所有样品的表面粗糙度（Ra和Sa）和表面自由能（SFE）。该研究还评估了蛋白质吸附，微生物附着，和细胞毒性。进行了非参数阶乘方差分析和事后分析，使用0.05的显著性水平(α)。
结果：CR的Ra和Sa值高于UR，无论PPT或PPA（P<0.05）。对于UR，与标准PPT相比，扩展PPT的SFE更高。在标准PPT下，CR的SFE高于UR。PPA与PPT的交互作用对蛋白吸附有显著影响(P<0.05)。当PPT是标准的时候，与空气相比，氮气显着增加了蛋白质的吸附。树脂类型和PPA之间的相互作用，在树脂类型和PPT之间，显著影响微生物粘附(P<0.05)。PPT或PPA的变化不影响两种AM树脂的细胞毒性。
结论：表面性质，蛋白质吸附，和微生物附着受PPT之间相互作用的影响，PPA,和树脂类型。这些因素可能对基于树脂的最终修复体产生影响。
■临床医生应了解PPT和PPA对用于最终修复的AM树脂表面性能的影响，特别是关于蛋白质吸附和微生物粘附。此外,AM树脂的类型（基于化学成分）可能会影响其生物学性能。
方法：使用两种不同类型的用于最终修复体的市售AM树脂（UR和CR）来创建盘形标本。根据树脂类型（UR和CR）将这些样品分为八组，PPT（标准或扩展），和PPA（空气或氮气）。后聚合后，测量所有样品的表面粗糙度（Ra和Sa）和表面自由能（SFE）。该研究还评估了蛋白质吸附，微生物附着，和细胞毒性。进行了非参数阶乘方差分析和事后分析，使用0.05的显著性水平(α)。
结果：CR的Ra和Sa值高于UR，无论PPT或PPA（P<0.05）。对于UR，与标准PPT相比，扩展PPT的SFE更高。在标准PPT下，CR的SFE高于UR。PPA与PPT的交互作用对蛋白吸附有显著影响(P<0.05)。当PPT是标准的时候，与空气相比，氮气显着增加了蛋白质的吸附。树脂类型和PPA之间的相互作用，在树脂类型和PPT之间，显著影响微生物粘附(P<0.05)。PPT或PPA的变化不影响两种AM树脂的细胞毒性。
结论：表面性质，蛋白质吸附，和微生物附着受PPT之间相互作用的影响，PPA,和树脂类型。这些因素可能对基于树脂的最终修复体产生影响。
■临床医生应了解PPT和PPA对用于最终修复的AM树脂表面性能的影响，特别是关于蛋白质吸附和微生物粘附。此外,AM树脂的类型（基于化学成分）可能会影响其生物学性能。
