Abstract：
Athletes with tetraplegia may experience marked hyperthermia while exercising under environmental heat stress due to their limited ability to dissipate heat through evaporative means. This study investigated the effectiveness of two external cooling strategies (i.e., spraying water onto the body surface or using a cooling vest) on physiological and perceptual variables in tetraplegic athletes during and after an aerobic exercise session in a hot environment. Nine male wheelchair rugby players performed an incremental test to determine their maximum aerobic power output. After that, they were subjected to three experimental trials in a counter-balanced order: control (CON, no body cooling), cooling vest (CV), and water spraying (WS). During these trials, they performed 30 min of a submaximal exercise (at 65% of their maximum aerobic power) inside an environmental chamber set to maintain the dry-bulb temperature at 32 °C. The following variables were recorded at regular intervals during the exercise and for an additional 30 min following the exertion (i.e., post-exercise recovery) with the participants also exposed to 32 °C: body core temperature (TCORE), skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC), and thermal sensation (TS). While exercising in CON conditions, the tetraplegic athletes had the expected increases in TCORE, TSKIN, HR, RPE, and TC and TS scores. HR, TC, and TS decreased gradually toward pre-exercise values after the exercise, whereas TCORE and TSKIN remained stable at higher values. Using a cooling vest decreased the temperature measured only on the chest and reduced the scores of RPE, TC, and TS during and after exercise but did not influence the other physiological responses of the tetraplegic athletes. In contrast, spraying water onto the athletes\' body surface attenuated the exercise-induced increase in TSKIN, led to lower HR values during recovery, and was also associated with better perception during and after exercise. We conclude that water spraying is more effective than the cooling vest in attenuating physiological strain induced by exercise-heat stress. However, although both external cooling strategies do not influence exercise hyperthermia, they improve the athletes\' thermal perception and reduce perceived exertion.
摘要：
四肢瘫痪的运动员在环境热应力下运动时可能会经历明显的高热，因为他们通过蒸发方式散热的能力有限。这项研究调查了两种外部冷却策略的有效性(即，在热环境中进行有氧运动期间和之后，将水喷洒在身体表面或使用冷却背心）对四肢瘫痪运动员的生理和知觉变量。九名男性轮椅橄榄球运动员进行了增量测试，以确定他们的最大有氧功率输出。之后,他们以平衡的顺序接受了三个实验试验：对照(CON，无车身冷却)，冷却背心（CV），和喷水（WS）。在这些试验中,他们在环境室中进行了30分钟的亚最大运动（以其最大有氧能力的65％），该环境室设置为将干球温度保持在32°C。在运动过程中定期记录以下变量，并在运动后再记录30分钟（即，运动后恢复)，参与者也暴露在32°C：身体核心温度(TCORE)，皮肤温度(TSKIN),心率(HR),感知努力(RPE)评级，热舒适性（TC），和热感觉（TS）。在CON条件下锻炼时，四肢瘫痪运动员的TCORE有预期的增加，TSKIN,HR,RPE,以及TC和TS分数。HR,TC,运动后TS逐渐向运动前的值下降，而TCORE和TSKIN在较高值保持稳定。使用冷却背心降低了仅在胸部测量的温度，并降低了RPE的得分，TC,运动期间和运动后的TS，但不影响四肢瘫痪运动员的其他生理反应。相比之下,向运动员身体表面喷水减轻了运动引起的TSKIN增加，导致恢复期间HR值较低，并且还与运动期间和运动后更好的感知相关。我们得出的结论是，在减轻运动热应激引起的生理应变方面，喷水比冷却背心更有效。然而,尽管两种外部冷却策略都不会影响运动热疗，它们改善了运动员的热感知并减少了感觉到的劳累。
