PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Accurately estimating time to contact (TTC) is crucial for successful interactions with moving objects, yet it is challenging under conditions of sensory and contextual uncertainty, such as occlusion. In this study, participants engaged in a prediction motion task, monitoring a target that moved rightward and an occluder. The participants\' task was to press a key when they predicted the target would be aligned with the occluder\'s right edge. We manipulated sensory uncertainty by varying the visible and occluded periods of the target, thereby modulating the time available to integrate sensory information and the duration over which motion must be extrapolated. Additionally, contextual uncertainty was manipulated by having a predictable and unpredictable condition, meaning the occluder either reliably indicated where the moving target would disappear or provided no such indication. Results showed differences in accuracy between the predictable and unpredictable occluder conditions, with different eye movement patterns in each case. Importantly, the ratio of the time the target was visible, which allows for the integration of sensory information, to the occlusion time, which determines perceptual uncertainty, was a key factor in determining performance. This ratio is central to our proposed model, which provides a robust framework for understanding and predicting human performance in dynamic environments with varying degrees of uncertainty.
摘要：
准确估计接触时间(TTC)对于与移动物体的成功交互至关重要。然而，在感官和上下文不确定性的条件下，这是有挑战性的，如遮挡。在这项研究中,参与预测运动任务的参与者，监视向右移动的目标和遮挡物。参与者的任务是在预测目标将与遮挡物的右边缘对齐时按一个键。我们通过改变目标的可见和遮挡时间来操纵感官不确定性，从而调节可用于整合感官信息的时间和必须推断运动的持续时间。此外,上下文不确定性是通过具有可预测和不可预测的条件来操纵的，这意味着封堵器要么可靠地指示移动目标将消失的位置，要么不提供此类指示。结果表明，可预测和不可预测的封堵器条件之间的准确性存在差异，在每种情况下都有不同的眼动模式。重要的是,目标可见的时间比率，它允许感官信息的整合，到遮挡时间，这决定了感知的不确定性，是决定业绩的关键因素。这个比率是我们提出的模型的核心，它提供了一个强大的框架，用于理解和预测在具有不同程度不确定性的动态环境中的人类表现。
