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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Hospital sanitation workers (SWs) are exposed to numerous occupational hazards due to workplace conditions such as unsafe and unhygienic working environment in the hospitals. Therefore, knowing magnitude, types and source of occupational hazard exposures with their determinants are very significant for further mitigations.
METHODS: Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia from 1st May to August 30th, 2023. 809 SWs participated. Data was entered into Epi Data Version 3.1 and Stata 17MP version used for analysis. Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the data. While, multilevel logistic regression was explored to determine the association between outcome and independents among at individual level (model 1), at hospitals (model 2) and combination of the two (model 3). The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for models 2 and 3 were reported. Variables with an AOR with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value < 0.05 were reported.
RESULTS: Out of 809 SWs, 729 (90.11%) responded. The overall magnitude of self-reported occupational hazard exposures among SWs was 63.65% (95% CI 0.60-0.67). Of this, biological, chemical, and ergonomic hazards accounted for 82.44%, 74.76%, and 70.92%, respectively. The multilevel logistic regression shows that having social recognition (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.14, 0.91), neutral attitude (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.17, 1.41) as compared to negative attitude. The model also found that SWs those supervised could reduce the likelihood of occupational hazard exposures by 50% times (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.18, 1.38) as compared to non-supervised SWs. The final model predicted the variation of occupational hazard exposures among sanitary workers from the hospitals to hospitals was 26.59%.
CONCLUSIONS: The concluded that hospital sanitary workers are facing biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical, psychological, mechanical, and electrical hazards. This study\'s findings predicted that dissatisfied with their environment, working more than 8 hr per a day, a negative attitude towards workplace risks and inadequate supervision may serve as contributing factors for the likelihood of occupational hazard exposures among these groups. Thus, the study suggested that hospitals could reduce these hazard risks if they implement the Risk Assessment and Safety Management (RASM) model, which includes multi-modal strategies, indicators and tripartite philosophy.
METHODS: Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia from 1st May to August 30th, 2023. 809 SWs participated. Data was entered into Epi Data Version 3.1 and Stata 17MP version used for analysis. Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the data. While, multilevel logistic regression was explored to determine the association between outcome and independents among at individual level (model 1), at hospitals (model 2) and combination of the two (model 3). The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for models 2 and 3 were reported. Variables with an AOR with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value < 0.05 were reported.
RESULTS: Out of 809 SWs, 729 (90.11%) responded. The overall magnitude of self-reported occupational hazard exposures among SWs was 63.65% (95% CI 0.60-0.67). Of this, biological, chemical, and ergonomic hazards accounted for 82.44%, 74.76%, and 70.92%, respectively. The multilevel logistic regression shows that having social recognition (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.14, 0.91), neutral attitude (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.17, 1.41) as compared to negative attitude. The model also found that SWs those supervised could reduce the likelihood of occupational hazard exposures by 50% times (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.18, 1.38) as compared to non-supervised SWs. The final model predicted the variation of occupational hazard exposures among sanitary workers from the hospitals to hospitals was 26.59%.
CONCLUSIONS: The concluded that hospital sanitary workers are facing biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical, psychological, mechanical, and electrical hazards. This study\'s findings predicted that dissatisfied with their environment, working more than 8 hr per a day, a negative attitude towards workplace risks and inadequate supervision may serve as contributing factors for the likelihood of occupational hazard exposures among these groups. Thus, the study suggested that hospitals could reduce these hazard risks if they implement the Risk Assessment and Safety Management (RASM) model, which includes multi-modal strategies, indicators and tripartite philosophy.
摘要：
背景：由于工作场所的条件，例如医院不安全和不卫生的工作环境，医院环卫工人（SWs）暴露于许多职业危害。因此,知道幅度，职业危害暴露的类型和来源及其决定因素对于进一步缓解非常重要。
方法：在公立医院进行基于医院的横断面研究设计，埃塞俄比亚东部从5月1日至8月30日，2023年。809名SWs参加。将数据输入到用于分析的Epi数据版本3.1和Stata17MP版本中。描述性分析用于描述数据。同时,探索了多水平逻辑回归，以确定个体水平(模型1)中结局与独立性之间的关联，在医院(模式2)和两者的组合(模式3)。报告了模型2和模型3的粗比值比（COR）和调整后比值比（AOR）。报告了P值<0.05的具有95%置信区间(CI)的AOR的变量。
结果：在809SWs中，729人（90.11%）回答。SWs中自我报告的职业危害暴露的总体程度为63.65％（95％CI0.60-0.67）。其中，生物，化学,人体工程学危害占82.44%，74.76%,70.92%，分别。多水平Logistic回归显示，具有社会认可度(AOR：0.37，95%CI0.14，0.91)，中立态度（AOR：0.48，95%CI0.17，1.41）与消极态度相比。该模型还发现，与非监督的SWs相比，监督的SWs可以将职业危害暴露的可能性降低50％倍（AOR：0.50，95％CI0.18，1.38）。最终模型预测卫生工作者从医院到医院的职业危害暴露变化为26.59％。
结论：结论是医院卫生工作者正面临生物，化学,符合人体工程学,物理，心理,机械,和电气危险。这项研究的发现预测，对他们的环境不满意，每天工作8小时以上，对工作场所风险的消极态度和监督不足可能是这些群体中职业危害暴露可能性的促成因素。因此，研究表明，如果医院实施风险评估和安全管理(RASM)模型，可以降低这些危险风险，其中包括多模式策略，指标和三方哲学。
方法：在公立医院进行基于医院的横断面研究设计，埃塞俄比亚东部从5月1日至8月30日，2023年。809名SWs参加。将数据输入到用于分析的Epi数据版本3.1和Stata17MP版本中。描述性分析用于描述数据。同时,探索了多水平逻辑回归，以确定个体水平(模型1)中结局与独立性之间的关联，在医院(模式2)和两者的组合(模式3)。报告了模型2和模型3的粗比值比（COR）和调整后比值比（AOR）。报告了P值<0.05的具有95%置信区间(CI)的AOR的变量。
结果：在809SWs中，729人（90.11%）回答。SWs中自我报告的职业危害暴露的总体程度为63.65％（95％CI0.60-0.67）。其中，生物，化学,人体工程学危害占82.44%，74.76%,70.92%，分别。多水平Logistic回归显示，具有社会认可度(AOR：0.37，95%CI0.14，0.91)，中立态度（AOR：0.48，95%CI0.17，1.41）与消极态度相比。该模型还发现，与非监督的SWs相比，监督的SWs可以将职业危害暴露的可能性降低50％倍（AOR：0.50，95％CI0.18，1.38）。最终模型预测卫生工作者从医院到医院的职业危害暴露变化为26.59％。
结论：结论是医院卫生工作者正面临生物，化学,符合人体工程学,物理，心理,机械,和电气危险。这项研究的发现预测，对他们的环境不满意，每天工作8小时以上，对工作场所风险的消极态度和监督不足可能是这些群体中职业危害暴露可能性的促成因素。因此，研究表明，如果医院实施风险评估和安全管理(RASM)模型，可以降低这些危险风险，其中包括多模式策略，指标和三方哲学。
