Abstract：
As an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the sludge discharged from wastewater treatment plants is the key intermediate for ARG transport into the environment. Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (BALOs) are predatory bacteria that are expected to attack antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). In this study, the screened BALOs (C3 & D15) were mixed with the sludge for biolysis to achieve the satisfying removal efficiencies of six tet genes, two sul genes, and one mobile genetic element (intl 1). Among them, tet(Q) demonstrated the highest reduction rate in relative abundance at 87.3 ± 1.0 %, while tet(X) displayed the lowest of 11.7 ± 0.2 %. The microorganisms, including Longilinea, Methanobacterium, Acetobacterium, Sulfurimonas, allobaculum, Gaiella, AAP99, Ellin6067, Rhodoferax, Ferruginibacter and Thermomonas, were expected to play a dual role in the reduction of ARGs by serving as ARB and BALOs\' preferred prey. Meanwhile, BALOs consortium improved ARGs reduction efficiency via the expansion of the prey profile. Additionally, BALOs decreased the relative abundance of not only pathogens (Shinella, Rickettsia, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas), but also the ARGs\' host pathogens (Mycobacterium, Plesiocystis, Burkholderia, and Bacteroides). Therefore, the application of BALOs for sludge biolysis are promising to decrease the sludge\'s public health risks via limiting the spread of ARGs and pathogens into the environment.
摘要：
作为抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的重要储库,污水处理厂排出的污泥是ARG向环境输送的关键中间体。Bdellovibrio和类生物（BALOs）是捕食性细菌，有望攻击抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）。在这项研究中,筛选出的BALOs(C3和D15)与污泥混合进行生物分解，以达到令人满意的去除6个tet基因的效果，两个sul基因,和一个移动遗传元件(intl1)。其中,tet(Q)的相对丰度下降率最高，为87.3±1.0%，而tet(X)显示最低11.7±0.2%。微生物，包括Longilinea,甲烷杆菌,醋杆菌,硫单胞菌,Allobaculum,盖埃拉,AAP99,Ellin6067,Rhodoferax,Ferruginibacter和Thermoonas,通过充当ARB和BALOs的首选猎物，有望在减少ARGs方面发挥双重作用。同时,BALOs联盟通过扩大猎物分布来提高ARGs的减少效率。此外,BALOs不仅降低了病原体的相对丰度(Shinella，立克次体,伯克霍尔德利亚,不动杆菌,气单胞菌,梭菌属,克雷伯菌和假单胞菌），还有ARGs宿主病原体(分枝杆菌，多囊藻病,伯克霍尔德利亚,和拟杆菌）。因此,BALOs在污泥生物分解中的应用有望通过限制ARGs和病原体向环境的传播来降低污泥的公共卫生风险。
