Abstract：
Insufficient sleep can initiate or exacerbate anxiety by triggering excessive fear generalization. In this study, a de novo paradigm was developed and used to examine the neural mechanisms governing the effects of sleep deprivation on processing perceptual and concept-based fear generalizations. A between-subject design was adopted, wherein a control group (who had a typical night\'s sleep) and a one-night sleep deprivation group completed a fear acquisition task at 9:00 PM on the first day and underwent a generalization test the following morning at 7:00 AM. In the fear acquisition task, navy blue and olive green were used as perceptual cues (P+ and P-, respectively), while animals and furniture items were used as conceptual cues (C+ and C-, respectively). Generalization was tested for four novel generalized categories (C+P+, C+P-, C-P+, and C-P-). Shock expectancy ratings, skin conductance responses, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy were recorded during the fear acquisition and generalization processes. Compared with the group who had a typical night\'s sleep, the sleep deprived group showed higher shock expectancy ratings (especially for P+ and C-), increased oxygenated hemoglobin in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and increased activation in the triangular inferior frontal gyrus during the generalization test. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation increases the generalization of threat memories, thus providing insights into the overgeneralization characteristics of anxiety and fear-related disorders.
摘要：
睡眠不足可以通过引发过度的恐惧泛化来引发或加剧焦虑。在这项研究中,开发了一种从头范式，并用于检查控制睡眠剥夺对处理基于感知和概念的恐惧概括的影响的神经机制。采用了主题之间的设计，其中对照组（具有典型的夜间睡眠）和一晚上睡眠剥夺组在第一天的9:00PM完成了恐惧获取任务，并在第二天早上7:00AM进行了泛化测试。在恐惧获取任务中，海军蓝和橄榄绿被用作感知线索(P+和P-，分别)，虽然动物和家具项目被用作概念线索(C+和C-，分别)。对四个新的广义类别(C+P+，C+P-,C-P+,和C-P-）。休克预期评级，皮肤电导反应，在恐惧获取和泛化过程中记录了功能近红外光谱。与典型的夜间睡眠组相比，睡眠不足组表现出较高的休克预期评分（尤其是P+和C-），增加的氧合血红蛋白在背外侧前额叶皮质，在泛化试验期间，三角额下回的激活增加。这些发现表明，睡眠不足增加了威胁记忆的泛化，从而提供了对焦虑和恐惧相关疾病的过度泛化特征的见解。
