背景:全球护理短缺需要确定可缓解的因素,这些因素可能会减少护理缺勤和离职。疲劳已被证明与这些问题有关。这项研究旨在确定导致护士过度疲劳的发展或恢复的因素,因为这些因素可以为保护护士免受疲劳或支持疲劳恢复提供可行的途径。
方法:一项从挪威护士组织随机抽样的护士的纵向研究。Chalder疲劳问卷测量疲劳。使用二分法评分,评分≥4的人认为过度疲劳。该研究包括有关轮班工作时间表的问题,心理社会工作的特点,睡眠,身体质量指数,身体活动,咖啡因,酒精,心理健康,等。进行了两组逻辑回归分析(一个用于发展,一个用于从过度疲劳中恢复),评估工作中的变化,基线(2015年)和随访(2018年)之间的生活方式和健康首先受到影响,发展过度疲劳的几率,其次,从过度疲劳中恢复的几率。
结果:在1,311名护士中,维持21.6%,开发了13.3%,18.0%从过度疲劳中恢复(2015-2018年)。在工作特点中,心理工作需求增加与过度疲劳的发展相关,OR=1.77(CI=1.11~2.82)。几个工作特征与过度疲劳的恢复有关,包括决策纬度降低(OR=0.39;CI=0.19-0.82)和同事支持增加(OR=1.90;CI=1.11-3.24)。轮班工作变量与疲劳结果无关。在生活方式因素中,睡眠持续时间的变化,肥胖,锻炼意义重大。值得注意的是,出现不适当的睡眠时间(OR=2.84;CI=1.47-5.48)增加了出现过度疲劳的几率,同时保持不适当的睡眠时间(<6小时或>8小时)(OR=0.19;CI=0.54-0.65)降低了康复的几率。所有评估的健康状况(抑郁症,焦虑,失眠,和轮班工作障碍)与(ORs2.10-8.07)的发展或(ORs0.10-0.50)过度疲劳的恢复有关。抑郁症,例如,因过度疲劳而发展的几率增加(OR=8.07;CI=2.35-27.66),恢复的几率降低(OR=0.10;CI=0.04-0.26)。
结论:生活方式因素的变化,健康状况,心理社会工作因素与过度疲劳的发展和恢复有关。睡眠和心理社会工作因素起着重要作用。我们发现与轮班工作时间表没有关系。
BACKGROUND: Global nursing shortages necessitate the identification of mitigatable factors that may reduce nursing absence and turnover. Fatigue has been shown to be associated with these issues. This study aimed to identify factors leading to development of or recovery from excessive fatigue in nurses as these can offer actionable avenues for protecting nurses against fatigue or supporting fatigue recovery.
METHODS: A longitudinal study among nurses randomly sampled from the Norwegian Nurse\'s Organization. The Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire measured fatigue. Dichotomized scoring was used, with scores ≥ 4 considered excessive fatigue. The study included questions on shift work schedules, psychosocial work characteristics, sleep, body mass index, physical activity, caffeine, alcohol, mental health, etc. Two sets of logistic regression analysis were conducted (one for development of and one for recovery from excessive fatigue), evaluating how changes in work, lifestyle and health between baseline (2015) and follow-up (2018) affected first, odds of development of excessive fatigue and second, odds of recovery from excessive fatigue.
RESULTS: Among 1,311 included nurses, 21.6% maintained, 13.3% developed, and 18.0% recovered from excessive fatigue (2015-2018). Within work characteristics, increased psychological work demands were associated with development of excessive fatigue OR = 1.77 (CI = 1.11-2.82). Several work characteristics were associated with recovery from excessive fatigue, including decreased decision latitude (OR = 0.39; CI = 0.19-0.82) and increased coworker support (OR = 1.90; CI = 1.11-3.24). Shift work variables were not associated with fatigue outcomes. Amongst lifestyle factors, changes in sleep duration, obesity, and exercise were significant. Notably, developing inappropriate sleep duration (OR = 2.84; CI = 1.47-5.48) increased odds of developing excessive fatigue, while maintaining inappropriate sleep duration (< 6 h or > 8 h) (OR = 0.19; CI = 0.54-0.65) decreased odds of recovering. All assessed health conditions (depression, anxiety, insomnia, and shift work disorder) were related to development of (ORs 2.10-8.07) or recovery from (ORs 0.10-0.50) excessive fatigue. Depression, for example, increased odds of development of (OR = 8.07; CI = 2.35-27.66) and decreased odds of recovery (OR = 0.10; CI = 0.04-0.26) from excessive fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS: Changes in lifestyle factors, health conditions, and psychosocial work factors were associated with development of and recovery from excessive fatigue. Sleep and psychosocial work factors played important roles. We found no relationship with shift work schedules.