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Abstract：
Language is an evolutionarily salient faculty for humans that relies on a distributed brain network spanning across frontal, temporal, parietal, and subcortical regions. To understand whether the complex language network shares common or distinct genetic mechanisms, we examined the relationships between the genetic effects underlying the brain responses to language and a set of object domains that have been suggested to coevolve with language: tools, faces (indicating social), and body parts (indicating social and gesturing). Analyzing the twin datasets released by the Human Connectome Project that had functional magnetic resonance imaging data from human twin subjects (monozygotic and dizygotic) undergoing language and working memory tasks contrasting multiple object domains (198 females and 144 males for the language task; 192 females and 142 males for the working memory task), we identified a set of cortical regions in the frontal and temporal cortices and subcortical regions whose activity to language was significantly genetically influenced. The heterogeneity of the genetic effects among these language clusters was corroborated by significant differences of the human gene expression profiles (Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset). Among them, the bilateral basal ganglia (mainly dorsal caudate) exhibited a common genetic basis for language, tool, and body part processing, and the right superior temporal gyrus exhibited a common genetic basis for language and tool processing across multiple types of analyses. These results uncovered the heterogeneous genetic patterns of language neural processes, shedding light on the evolution of language and its shared origins with tools and bodily functions.
摘要：
对于人类来说，语言是一种进化上突出的能力，它依赖于跨越额叶的分布式大脑网络，temporal,顶叶,和皮质下区域。为了了解复杂的语言网络是否具有共同或不同的遗传机制，我们研究了大脑对语言反应的遗传效应与一组被建议与语言共同进化的对象域之间的关系：工具，面孔（表示社交），和身体部位（表示社交和手势）。分析HumanConnectomeProject（HCP）发布的双胞胎数据集，该数据集具有来自经历语言和工作记忆任务的人类双胞胎受试者（单卵和双卵）的fMRI数据，这些数据集具有多个对象域（语言任务为198名女性和144名男性；工作记忆任务为192名女性和142名男性），我们确定了额叶和颞叶皮质中的一组皮质区域以及皮质下区域，其语言活动受到遗传影响很大。人类基因表达谱（AHBA数据集）的显着差异证实了这些语言簇之间遗传效应的异质性。其中,双侧基底神经节（主要是背尾状）表现出共同的语言遗传基础，工具,和身体部位加工，右颞上回在多种类型的分析中表现出语言和工具处理的共同遗传基础。这些结果揭示了语言神经过程的异质性遗传模式，揭示语言的进化及其与工具和身体功能的共同起源。重要性声明人类语言需要一个跨越额叶的分布式大脑网络，temporal,顶叶,和皮质下区域。为了阐明这个复杂的语言网络的遗传基础，我们采用了HCPfMRI孪生数据，以检查大脑对语言和假设与语言共同进化的对象域的遗传效应之间的关系(工具，社会,和身体动作)。双侧基底神经节表现出语言的共同遗传基础，工具,和身体部位加工，以及语言和工具处理的正确上颞回。这些结果为语言神经过程的异质性遗传模式提供了证据，并揭示了其与工具和身体行为的潜在起源。
