Abstract：
For protein fibers, polycarboxylic acids represent a green strategy to enhance durability without using formaldehyde. This study evaluated the physical and flame retardant properties of silk fabrics treated with three formaldehyde-free crosslinkers: citric acid (CA), 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA). Results showed that these acids bond with silk protein through esterification and amidation, improving washing durability. Particularly, PBTCA integrates phosphorus into silk, boosting flame retardancy. While BTCA led to the highest weight gain and improved wrinkle recovery, it negatively impacted the tensile strength and softness of silk fabrics. Conversely, PBTCA adeptly balanced enhanced wrinkle resistance with minimal effects on tensile strength and softness, and least affected the silk fabrics\' whiteness, thus preserving its aesthetic appeal. All crosslinkers improved flame retardancy, but PBTCA displayed superior performance, achieving a limiting oxygen index of 32.4 % at an 80 g/L concentration. In vertical burning tests, PBTCA treated silk fabrics showed reductions in damage length and demonstrated self-extinguishing properties, qualifying them for a higher flame retardant grade. Phosphorus in PBTCA promotes char formation during combustion, essential for effective flame retardation and smoke reduction. This research highlights the exceptional potential of silk treated with PBTCA, showcasing its suitability for demanding applications.
摘要：
对于蛋白质纤维，多元羧酸代表了在不使用甲醛的情况下增强耐久性的绿色策略。这项研究评估了用三种无甲醛交联剂：柠檬酸（CA），1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸(BTCA),和2-膦酰基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)。结果表明，这些酸通过酯化和酰胺化与丝蛋白结合，提高洗涤耐久性。特别是,PBTCA将磷整合到丝绸中，提高阻燃性。虽然BTCA导致最高的体重增加和改善的皱纹恢复，它对丝织物的拉伸强度和柔软度产生了负面影响。相反，PBTCA巧妙地平衡了增强的抗皱性，对拉伸强度和柔软度的影响最小，并且对丝织物的白度影响最小，从而保持其美学吸引力。所有交联剂都提高了阻燃性，但是PBTCA表现出优越的性能，在80g/L浓度下实现32.4%的极限氧指数。在垂直燃烧试验中,经PBTCA处理的丝织物显示损伤长度减少，并表现出自熄性能，他们有资格为更高的阻燃等级。PBTCA中的磷促进燃烧过程中的焦炭形成，有效的阻燃和减少烟雾是必不可少的。这项研究强调了用PBTCA处理的丝绸的特殊潜力，展示其对要求苛刻的应用的适用性。
