Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Massage and aromatherapy are frequently used by older adults as alternative interventions to enhance immunity and induce relaxation. This pilot study evaluated the effect of massage therapy with oil and aromatherapy alone and in combination using objective biological indices.
METHODS: Twenty-eight participants recruited by convenience sampling included adults aged between 25 and 65 years (Group 1), elderly individuals over 65 years without nursing care (Group 2), and older adults over 65 needing long-term nursing support (Group 3). A multiple-group pretest-post-test design was employed, and the effect among the three groups was compared. Interventions included: (i) oil massage therapy; (ii) aromatherapy; and (iii) aroma oil massage therapy. Each therapy session lasted 5 min, with 3 min of observation before and after the session and 10 min interval between sessions. Group 3 omitted one therapy (2: aromatherapy) to reduce their physical burden. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for α, β, and θ activities of brain waves. EEG data were collected at three points: before, during, and after each treatment. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) concentration, oxygen saturation (SPO2), and pulse rate were measured before and after each session.
RESULTS: Across all therapy modalities, there was a noticeable increase in the α wave, indicative of relaxation, during the treatment. Significant differences were observed before and during the oil massage in both Group 1 and Group 2. Aromatherapy demonstrated a significant difference before and during treatment in Group 1. Among the biological parameters, s-IgA levels indicated no significant changes. The pulse rate decreased with oil massage. Significant differences were noted before and after therapy in all cases for SPO2 and in Group 2 for pulse rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Three therapies induced EEG and physiological changes in the adult group and older adults without nursing care. However, these effects are limited in older adults requiring nursing care.
METHODS: Twenty-eight participants recruited by convenience sampling included adults aged between 25 and 65 years (Group 1), elderly individuals over 65 years without nursing care (Group 2), and older adults over 65 needing long-term nursing support (Group 3). A multiple-group pretest-post-test design was employed, and the effect among the three groups was compared. Interventions included: (i) oil massage therapy; (ii) aromatherapy; and (iii) aroma oil massage therapy. Each therapy session lasted 5 min, with 3 min of observation before and after the session and 10 min interval between sessions. Group 3 omitted one therapy (2: aromatherapy) to reduce their physical burden. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for α, β, and θ activities of brain waves. EEG data were collected at three points: before, during, and after each treatment. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) concentration, oxygen saturation (SPO2), and pulse rate were measured before and after each session.
RESULTS: Across all therapy modalities, there was a noticeable increase in the α wave, indicative of relaxation, during the treatment. Significant differences were observed before and during the oil massage in both Group 1 and Group 2. Aromatherapy demonstrated a significant difference before and during treatment in Group 1. Among the biological parameters, s-IgA levels indicated no significant changes. The pulse rate decreased with oil massage. Significant differences were noted before and after therapy in all cases for SPO2 and in Group 2 for pulse rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Three therapies induced EEG and physiological changes in the adult group and older adults without nursing care. However, these effects are limited in older adults requiring nursing care.
摘要：
背景：老年人经常使用按摩和芳香疗法作为增强免疫力和诱导放松的替代干预措施。这项初步研究使用客观生物学指标评估了单独使用油和芳香疗法以及联合使用的按摩疗法的效果。
方法：通过便利抽样招募的28名参与者包括25至65岁的成年人（第1组），65岁以上无护理的老年人(第2组)，65岁以上需要长期护理支持的老年人（第3组）。采用多组前测后测设计，比较3组的效果。干预措施包括：（i）精油按摩疗法；（ii）芳香疗法；（iii）精油按摩疗法。每次治疗持续5分钟，在会议前后观察3分钟，会议之间间隔10分钟。第3组省略了一种疗法（2：芳香疗法）以减轻他们的身体负担。脑电图（EEG）被记录为α，β,和脑电波的θ活动。在三个点收集脑电图数据：之前，during,每次治疗后。唾液分泌免疫球蛋白A（s-IgA）浓度，氧饱和度(SPO2),在每个疗程前后测量脉搏率。
结果：在所有治疗方式中，α波明显增加,表示放松，在治疗期间。在组1和组2中,在油按摩之前和期间观察到显著差异。在第1组中，芳香疗法在治疗前和治疗过程中表现出显着差异。在生物学参数中，s-IgA水平没有显著变化。用油按摩使脉搏率降低。在所有情况下，治疗前后的SPO2和第2组的脉搏率均存在显着差异。
结论：在没有护理的情况下，三种疗法会导致成年组和老年人的脑电图和生理变化。然而,这些影响在需要护理的老年人中有限.
方法：通过便利抽样招募的28名参与者包括25至65岁的成年人（第1组），65岁以上无护理的老年人(第2组)，65岁以上需要长期护理支持的老年人（第3组）。采用多组前测后测设计，比较3组的效果。干预措施包括：（i）精油按摩疗法；（ii）芳香疗法；（iii）精油按摩疗法。每次治疗持续5分钟，在会议前后观察3分钟，会议之间间隔10分钟。第3组省略了一种疗法（2：芳香疗法）以减轻他们的身体负担。脑电图（EEG）被记录为α，β,和脑电波的θ活动。在三个点收集脑电图数据：之前，during,每次治疗后。唾液分泌免疫球蛋白A（s-IgA）浓度，氧饱和度(SPO2),在每个疗程前后测量脉搏率。
结果：在所有治疗方式中，α波明显增加,表示放松，在治疗期间。在组1和组2中,在油按摩之前和期间观察到显著差异。在第1组中，芳香疗法在治疗前和治疗过程中表现出显着差异。在生物学参数中，s-IgA水平没有显著变化。用油按摩使脉搏率降低。在所有情况下，治疗前后的SPO2和第2组的脉搏率均存在显着差异。
结论：在没有护理的情况下，三种疗法会导致成年组和老年人的脑电图和生理变化。然而,这些影响在需要护理的老年人中有限.
