Abstract：
Herbal teas are considered as a potential constituent of novel functional beverages consumed daily. One of the commonly used herbal teas is silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaf infusion, traditionally used in urinary tract diseases. In this study, the potential of birch leaf infusion as a functional beverage, emphasizing its active ingredients\' bioavailability, anti-inflammatory, and antiadhesive properties concerning urinary tract health, was investigated. A complex approach was proposed, which included phytochemical screening, bioavailability, gut microbiota biotransformation, and an in vivo test for urine metabolomics assessment. The bioassays confirmed significant anti-inflammatory (interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 secretion) and anti-adhesive (Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and T24 bladder cells) activities. The high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics studies linked gut microbiota metabolites and the metabolites present in the urine. Several metabolites connected with phenolics\' consumption were detected in the urine, e.g., glucuronides and sulfates of caffeic acid and dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones. Based on the presented results, the birch leaf should be considered useful in designing functional beverages, especially targeted to the groups at high risk of urinary diseases.
摘要：
草药茶被认为是每天消费的新型功能饮料的潜在成分。一种常用的草药茶是白桦树（BetulapendulaRoth）叶输液，传统上用于泌尿道疾病。在这项研究中,桦叶输液作为功能性饮料的潜力，强调其活性成分的生物利用度，抗炎,和关于泌尿道健康的抗粘连特性，被调查。提出了一种复杂的方法，其中包括植物化学筛选，生物利用度，肠道菌群生物转化，以及用于尿液代谢组学评估的体内测试。生物测定证实了显着的抗炎（白细胞介素IL-6和IL-8分泌）和抗粘附（泌尿致病性大肠杆菌和T24膀胱细胞）活性。高分辨率质谱代谢组学研究将肠道微生物群代谢物和尿液中存在的代谢物联系起来。在尿液中检测到几种与酚类物质消耗有关的代谢物，例如，咖啡酸和二羟苯基-γ-戊内酯的葡糖苷酸和硫酸盐。根据所提出的结果，桦树叶应被认为对设计功能性饮料有用，特别针对泌尿系疾病高危人群。
