PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: A compelling hypothesis about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiopathogenesis is that the ADHD phenotype reflects a delay in cortical maturation. Slow-wave activity (SWA) of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrophysiological index of sleep intensity reflecting cortical maturation. Available data on ADHD and SWA are conflicting, and developmental differences, or the effect of pharmacological treatment, are relatively unknown.
METHODS: We examined, in samples (Mage = 16.4, SD = 1.2), of ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD (n = 18; 72% boys), medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD (n = 15, 67% boys), and adolescents not at risk for ADHD (n = 31, 61% boys) matched for chronological age and controlling for non-ADHD pharmacotherapy, whether ADHD pharmacotherapy modulates the association between NREM SWA and ADHD risk in home sleep.
RESULTS: Findings indicated medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD exhibited greater first sleep cycle and entire night NREM SWA than both ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD and adolescents not at risk for ADHD and no difference between ever-medicated, at-risk adolescents, and not at-risk adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Results support atypical cortical maturation in medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD that appears to be normalized by ADHD pharmacotherapy in ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD. Greater NREM SWA may reflect a compensatory mechanism in middle-later adolescents at risk for ADHD that normalizes an earlier occurring developmental delay.
METHODS: We examined, in samples (Mage = 16.4, SD = 1.2), of ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD (n = 18; 72% boys), medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD (n = 15, 67% boys), and adolescents not at risk for ADHD (n = 31, 61% boys) matched for chronological age and controlling for non-ADHD pharmacotherapy, whether ADHD pharmacotherapy modulates the association between NREM SWA and ADHD risk in home sleep.
RESULTS: Findings indicated medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD exhibited greater first sleep cycle and entire night NREM SWA than both ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD and adolescents not at risk for ADHD and no difference between ever-medicated, at-risk adolescents, and not at-risk adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Results support atypical cortical maturation in medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD that appears to be normalized by ADHD pharmacotherapy in ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD. Greater NREM SWA may reflect a compensatory mechanism in middle-later adolescents at risk for ADHD that normalizes an earlier occurring developmental delay.
摘要：
背景：关于ADHD病因的一个令人信服的假设是ADHD表型反映了皮质成熟的延迟。非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠脑电图（EEG）的慢波活动（SWA）是反映皮层成熟的睡眠强度的电生理指标。关于ADHD和SWA的现有数据是相互矛盾和发展差异的，或者药物治疗的效果相对未知。
方法：我们检查了，在样本中(Mage=16.4，SD=1.2)，有ADHD风险的青少年（n=18，72％的男孩），有ADHD风险的青少年（n=15，67％的男孩），和没有多动症风险的青少年（n=31，61%的男孩）与实际年龄相匹配，是否控制非ADHD药物治疗，ADHD药物治疗调节NREMSWA与家庭睡眠中ADHD风险之间的关联。
结果：研究结果表明，与曾经服用过药物的有ADHD风险的青少年和没有ADHD风险的青少年相比，未服用药物的青少年表现出更大的第一睡眠周期和整晚的NREMSWA，有风险的青少年和没有风险的青少年。
结论：结果支持存在ADHD风险的未用药青少年的非典型皮质成熟，在存在ADHD风险的曾用药过的青少年中，ADHD药物治疗似乎已恢复正常。更大的NREMSWA可能反映了处于ADHD风险的中晚期青少年的补偿机制，该机制使早期发生的发育延迟正常化。
方法：我们检查了，在样本中(Mage=16.4，SD=1.2)，有ADHD风险的青少年（n=18，72％的男孩），有ADHD风险的青少年（n=15，67％的男孩），和没有多动症风险的青少年（n=31，61%的男孩）与实际年龄相匹配，是否控制非ADHD药物治疗，ADHD药物治疗调节NREMSWA与家庭睡眠中ADHD风险之间的关联。
结果：研究结果表明，与曾经服用过药物的有ADHD风险的青少年和没有ADHD风险的青少年相比，未服用药物的青少年表现出更大的第一睡眠周期和整晚的NREMSWA，有风险的青少年和没有风险的青少年。
结论：结果支持存在ADHD风险的未用药青少年的非典型皮质成熟，在存在ADHD风险的曾用药过的青少年中，ADHD药物治疗似乎已恢复正常。更大的NREMSWA可能反映了处于ADHD风险的中晚期青少年的补偿机制，该机制使早期发生的发育延迟正常化。
