PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Due to the Earth\'s rotation, the natural environment exhibits a light-dark diurnal cycle close to 24 hours. To adapt to this energy intake pattern, organisms have developed a 24-hour rhythmic diurnal cycle over long periods, known as the circadian rhythm, or biological clock. With the gradual advancement of research on the biological clock, it has become increasingly evident that disruptions in the circadian rhythm are closely associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To further understand the progress of research on T2D and the biological clock, this paper reviews the correlation between the biological clock and glucose metabolism and analyzes its potential mechanisms. Based on this, we discuss the potential factors contributing to circadian rhythm disruption and their impact on the risk of developing T2D, aiming to explore new possible intervention measures for the prevention and treatment of T2D in the future. Under the light-dark circadian rhythm, in order to adapt to this change, the human body forms an internal biological clock involving a variety of genes, proteins and other molecules. The main mechanism is the transcription-translation feedback loop centered on the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. The expression of important circadian clock genes that constitute this loop can regulate T2DM-related blood glucose traits such as glucose uptake, fat metabolism, insulin secretion/glucagon secretion and sensitivity in various peripheral tissues and organs. In addition, sleep, light, and dietary factors under circadian rhythms also affect the occurrence of T2DM.
摘要：
由于地球的自转,自然环境表现出接近24小时的明暗昼夜周期。为了适应这种能量摄入模式，生物体在很长一段时间内形成了24小时有节奏的昼夜循环，被称为昼夜节律，或生物钟。随着生物钟研究的逐步推进,越来越明显的是，昼夜节律的中断与2型糖尿病（T2D）的发生密切相关。为了进一步了解T2D和生物钟的研究进展，本文综述了生物钟与糖代谢的相关性，并分析了其潜在的作用机制。基于此,我们讨论了导致昼夜节律紊乱的潜在因素及其对发展为T2D的风险的影响，旨在为今后T2D的防治探索新的可能的干预措施。在明暗的昼夜节律下，为了适应这种变化，人体形成一个涉及多种基因的内部生物钟，蛋白质和其他分子。主要机制是以CLOCK/BMAL1异源二聚体为中心的转录-翻译反馈环。构成此环的重要生物钟基因的表达可以调节T2DM相关血糖性状如葡萄糖摄取,脂肪代谢,各种外周组织和器官的胰岛素分泌/胰高血糖素分泌和敏感性。此外,睡眠,光,昼夜节律下的饮食因素也影响着T2DM的发生。
