Abstract：
Plant growth and survival in their natural environment require versatile mitigation of diverse threats. The task is especially challenging due to the largely unpredictable interaction of countless abiotic and biotic factors. To resist an unfavorable environment, plants have evolved diverse sensing, signaling, and adaptive molecular mechanisms. Recent stress studies have identified molecular elements like secondary messengers (ROS, Ca2+, etc.), hormones (ABA, JA, etc.), and signaling proteins (SnRK, MAPK, etc.). However, major gaps remain in understanding the interaction between these pathways, and in particular under conditions of stress combinations. Here, we highlight the challenge of defining \"stress\" in such complex natural scenarios. Therefore, defining stress hallmarks for different combinations is crucial. We discuss three examples of robust and dynamic plant acclimation systems, outlining specific plant responses to complex stress overlaps. (a) The high plasticity of root system architecture is a decisive feature in sustainable crop development in times of global climate change. (b) Similarly, broad sensory abilities and apparent control of cellular metabolism under adverse conditions through retrograde signaling make chloroplasts an ideal hub. Functional specificity of the chloroplast-associated molecular patterns (ChAMPs) under combined stresses needs further focus. (c) The molecular integration of several hormonal signaling pathways, which bring together all cellular information to initiate the adaptive changes, needs resolving.
摘要：
植物在自然环境中的生长和生存需要对各种威胁的多方面缓解。由于无数非生物和生物因素在很大程度上不可预测的相互作用，这项任务尤其具有挑战性。为了抵制不利的环境，植物已经进化出不同的感知，信令,和适应性分子机制。最近的压力研究已经确定了分子元件，如第二信使(ROS，Ca2+,等。),激素（ABA，JA,等。),和信号蛋白(SnRK，MAPK,等。).然而,在理解这些途径之间的相互作用方面仍然存在主要差距，特别是在应力组合的条件下。这里,我们强调了在如此复杂的自然场景中定义“压力”的挑战。因此,定义不同组合的应力标志是至关重要的。我们讨论了鲁棒和动态植物适应系统的三个例子，概述特定植物对复杂胁迫的反应重叠。(a)根系结构的高度可塑性是全球气候变化时期作物可持续发展的一个决定性特征。(b)同样，广泛的感官能力和在不利条件下通过逆行信号对细胞代谢的明显控制使叶绿体成为理想的枢纽。在联合胁迫下，叶绿体相关分子模式（ChAMP）的功能特异性需要进一步关注。（c）几种激素信号通路的分子整合，它们汇集了所有的蜂窝信息来启动自适应变化，需要解决。
