PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a prevalent childhood acute illness, with 13.6 million pediatric office visits annually, often stemming from upper respiratory tract infections (URI) and affected by environmental factors like air pollution and cold seasons.
METHODS: Herein, we made use of territory-wide hospitalization data to investigate the relationships between meteorological factors, air pollutants, influenza infection, and AOM for children observed from 1998 to 2019 in Hong Kong. Quasi-Poisson generalized additive model, combined with a distributed-lag non-linear model, was employed to examine the relationship between weekly AOM admissions in children and weekly influenza-like illness-positive (ILI +) rates, as well as air pollutants (i.e., oxidant gases, sulfur dioxide, and fine particulate matter), while accounting for meteorological variations.
RESULTS: There were 21,224 hospital admissions due to AOM for children aged ≤ 15 years throughout a 22-year period. The cumulative adjusted relative risks (ARR) of AOM were 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04-1.28) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97-1.18) at the 95th percentile concentration of oxidant gases (65.9 ppm) and fine particulate matter (62.2 μg/m3) respectively, with reference set to their medians of concentration. The ARRs exhibited a monotone increasing trend for all-type and type-specific ILI + rates. Setting the reference to zero, the cumulative ARRs of AOM rose to 1.42 (95% CI, 1.29-1.56) at the 95th percentile of ILI + Total rate, and to 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.14), 1.19 (95% CI, 1.11-1.27), and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.13-1.32) for ILI + A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that policy on air pollution control and influenza vaccination for children need to be implemented, which might have significant implications for preventing AOM in children.
METHODS: Herein, we made use of territory-wide hospitalization data to investigate the relationships between meteorological factors, air pollutants, influenza infection, and AOM for children observed from 1998 to 2019 in Hong Kong. Quasi-Poisson generalized additive model, combined with a distributed-lag non-linear model, was employed to examine the relationship between weekly AOM admissions in children and weekly influenza-like illness-positive (ILI +) rates, as well as air pollutants (i.e., oxidant gases, sulfur dioxide, and fine particulate matter), while accounting for meteorological variations.
RESULTS: There were 21,224 hospital admissions due to AOM for children aged ≤ 15 years throughout a 22-year period. The cumulative adjusted relative risks (ARR) of AOM were 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04-1.28) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97-1.18) at the 95th percentile concentration of oxidant gases (65.9 ppm) and fine particulate matter (62.2 μg/m3) respectively, with reference set to their medians of concentration. The ARRs exhibited a monotone increasing trend for all-type and type-specific ILI + rates. Setting the reference to zero, the cumulative ARRs of AOM rose to 1.42 (95% CI, 1.29-1.56) at the 95th percentile of ILI + Total rate, and to 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.14), 1.19 (95% CI, 1.11-1.27), and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.13-1.32) for ILI + A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that policy on air pollution control and influenza vaccination for children need to be implemented, which might have significant implications for preventing AOM in children.
摘要：
背景：急性中耳炎（AOM）是一种常见的儿童急性疾病，每年有1360万儿科就诊，通常源于上呼吸道感染（URI），并受到空气污染和寒冷季节等环境因素的影响。
方法：这里，我们利用全港住院数据来调查气象因素之间的关系，空气污染物,流感感染,以及1998年至2019年在香港观察到的儿童AOM。拟泊松广义可加模型，结合分布滞后非线性模型，被用来检查儿童每周AOM入院率与每周流感样疾病阳性(ILI+)率之间的关系，以及空气污染物(即，氧化剂气体,二氧化硫,和细颗粒物)，同时考虑气象变化。
结果：在整个22年期间，年龄≤15岁的儿童因AOM入院21,224例。在氧化剂气体（65.9ppm）和细颗粒物（62.2μg/m3）的第95百分位数浓度下，AOM的累积调整相对风险（ARR）分别为1.15（95％CI，1.04-1.28）和1.07（95％CI，0.97-1.18）。参照他们的浓度中位数。所有类型和类型特异性ILI+率的ARR表现出单调增加趋势。将引用设置为零，在ILI+总比率的第95百分位数，AOM的累积ARR上升到1.42(95%CI，1.29-1.56)，至1.07（95%CI，1.01-1.14），1.19（95%CI，1.11-1.27），和1.22（95%CI，1.13-1.32）ILI+A/H1N1、A/H3N2和B，分别。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，需要实施空气污染控制和儿童流感疫苗接种的政策，这可能对预防儿童AOM有重大影响。
方法：这里，我们利用全港住院数据来调查气象因素之间的关系，空气污染物,流感感染,以及1998年至2019年在香港观察到的儿童AOM。拟泊松广义可加模型，结合分布滞后非线性模型，被用来检查儿童每周AOM入院率与每周流感样疾病阳性(ILI+)率之间的关系，以及空气污染物(即，氧化剂气体,二氧化硫,和细颗粒物)，同时考虑气象变化。
结果：在整个22年期间，年龄≤15岁的儿童因AOM入院21,224例。在氧化剂气体（65.9ppm）和细颗粒物（62.2μg/m3）的第95百分位数浓度下，AOM的累积调整相对风险（ARR）分别为1.15（95％CI，1.04-1.28）和1.07（95％CI，0.97-1.18）。参照他们的浓度中位数。所有类型和类型特异性ILI+率的ARR表现出单调增加趋势。将引用设置为零，在ILI+总比率的第95百分位数，AOM的累积ARR上升到1.42(95%CI，1.29-1.56)，至1.07（95%CI，1.01-1.14），1.19（95%CI，1.11-1.27），和1.22（95%CI，1.13-1.32）ILI+A/H1N1、A/H3N2和B，分别。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，需要实施空气污染控制和儿童流感疫苗接种的政策，这可能对预防儿童AOM有重大影响。
