PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Evolutionary conflicts occur when there is antagonistic selection between different individuals of the same or different species, life stages or between levels of biological organization. Remarkably, conflicts can occur within species or within genomes. In the dynamics of evolutionary conflicts, gene duplications can play a major role because they can bring very specific changes to the genome: changes in protein dose, the generation of novel paralogues with different functions or expression patterns or the evolution of small antisense RNAs. As we describe here, by having those effects, gene duplication might spark evolutionary conflict or fuel arms race dynamics that takes place during conflicts. Interestingly, gene duplication can also contribute to the resolution of a within-locus evolutionary conflict by partitioning the functions of the gene that is under an evolutionary trade-off. In this review, we focus on intraspecific conflicts, including sexual conflict and illustrate the various roles of gene duplications with a compilation of examples. These examples reveal the level of complexity and the differences in the patterns of gene duplications within genomes under different conflicts. These examples also reveal the gene ontologies involved in conflict and the genomic location of the elements of the conflict. The examples provide a blueprint for the direct study of these conflicts or the exploration of the presence of similar conflicts in other lineages.
摘要：
当同一或不同物种的不同个体之间存在对抗选择时，就会发生进化冲突，生命阶段或生物组织水平之间。值得注意的是,冲突可能发生在物种内部或基因组内部。在进化冲突的动态中，基因复制可以发挥重要作用，因为它们可以给基因组带来非常特殊的变化：蛋白质剂量的变化，具有不同功能或表达模式的新型旁系同源物的产生或小反义RNA的进化。正如我们在这里描述的，通过产生这些效果，基因复制可能引发进化冲突或助长冲突期间发生的军备竞赛动态。有趣的是,基因复制还可以通过划分处于进化权衡之下的基因的功能来解决基因座内进化冲突。在这次审查中,我们关注种内冲突，包括性冲突，并通过示例汇编说明基因重复的各种作用。这些例子揭示了不同冲突下基因组内基因重复模式的复杂性和差异。这些例子还揭示了参与冲突的基因本体和冲突元素的基因组位置。这些例子为直接研究这些冲突或探索其他血统中类似冲突的存在提供了蓝图。
