Abstract：
Acaricides used against Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cotton fields cause control failure over time. To determine the resistance status of T. urticae populations to tebufenpyrad and bifenazate, different populations collected from Aydın (AYD), Adana (ADA), Şanlıurfa (SAN), and Diyarbakır (DIY) provinces of Türkiye, between 2019 and 2020, were subjected to diagnostic dose bioassays. Firstly, the spider mites were eliminated with a discriminating dose. Afterwards, LC50 and LC90 of the remaining populations were determined and the ten highest resistant populations were selected. The highest phenotypic resistance to bifenazate was observed in AYD4 and DIY2 (LC50 57.14 mg L- 1 with 85.01-fold and LC50 30.15 mg L- 1with 44.86-fold, respectively), while the lowest phenotypic resistance was found in SAN6 (LC50 1.5 mg L- 1; 2.28-fold). Considering the phenotypic resistance to tebufenpyrad, the highest resistance was found in AYD4 population (LC50 96.81 mg L- 1; 12.92-fold), while the lowest - in DIY28 population (LC50 21.23 mg L- 1; 2.83-fold). In pharmacokinetic studies, the ADA16 population was compared with the sensitive German Susceptible Strain population and it was determined that carboxylesterase activity was statistically higher (1.46 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein enzyme activation 2.70-fold). The highest activation of glutathione S-transferase was detected in ADA16 (1.49 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg protein; 2.32-fold). No mutations were found in PSST (METI 1), the point mutation site for tebufenpyrad, and Cytb (METI 3), the point mutation site for bifenazate. In terms of phenotypic resistance, bifenazate was found to be moderately resistant in two populations (85.01 and 44.86-fold), while tebufenpyrad was moderately resistant in one population (12.92-fold). This study showed that both acaricides are still effective against T. urticae populations.
摘要：
用于治疗荨麻疹的杀螨剂，1836年（Acari：Tetranychidae）在棉田中随着时间的推移导致控制失败。为了确定T.urticae种群对tebufenpyrad和bibenazate的抗性状态，从艾登(AYD)收集的不同种群，阿达纳(ADA),sanl²urfa(SAN),和蒂亚巴克尔（DIY）蒂尔基耶省，在2019年至2020年之间，进行了诊断剂量生物测定。首先,蜘蛛螨被消除了一个有区别的剂量。之后,确定其余种群的LC50和LC90，并选择10个最高抗性种群。在AYD4和DIY2中观察到对联苯萘嗪的最高表型抗性（LC50为57.14mgL-1，为85.01倍，LC50为30.15mgL-1，为44.86倍，分别)，而在SAN6中发现了最低的表型抗性（LC501.5mgL-1；2.28倍）。考虑到对特布芬比的表型抗性，在AYD4种群中发现了最高的抗性（LC5096.81mgL-1；12.92倍），而在DIY28人群中最低（LC5021.23mgL-1；2.83倍）。在药代动力学研究中，将ADA16种群与敏感的德国易感菌株种群进行比较，并确定羧酸酯酶活性在统计学上较高（1.46±0.04nmol/min/mg蛋白酶激活2.70倍）。在ADA16中检测到谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的最高活化（1.49±0.01nmol/min/mg蛋白；2.32倍）。在PSST（METI1）中未发现突变，特布芬比拉德的点突变位点，和Cytb（METI3），联苯萘嗪的点突变位点。在表型抗性方面，在两个种群中发现bifenazate具有中等抗性（85.01和44.86倍），而tebufenpyrad在一个人群中具有中度抗性（12.92倍）。这项研究表明，两种杀螨剂对荨麻疹种群仍然有效。
