Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study classified 99 countries into four income groups and then analysed the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, in public places and at school, on current cigarette smoking prevalence.
METHODS: We utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations.
RESULTS: Both smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries.
CONCLUSIONS: Targeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.
METHODS: We utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations.
RESULTS: Both smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries.
CONCLUSIONS: Targeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.
摘要：
目标：这项研究将99个国家分为四个收入组，然后分析了在家中暴露二手烟（SHS）的影响，在公共场所和学校，关于目前吸烟的患病率。
方法：我们利用了世卫组织全球青年烟草调查的数据，并进行了荟萃分析，以评估青少年吸烟行为和SHS暴露地点的患病率和加权优势比(wOR)。
结果：两种吸烟行为都随着国民收入水平的提高而增加。高收入和中高收入国家（HIC和UMIC）的吸烟行为与公共场所的SHS暴露有关（HIC：wOR，3.50[95%CI，2.85-4.31]；UMIC：wOR，2.90[2.60-3.23]）与家庭相比。低收入和中低收入国家(LICs和LMICs)显示出与家庭中SHS暴露的关联(LIC：wOR，5.33[3.59-7.93];LMIC:wOR,2.71[2.33-3.17]）比公共场所。当前吸烟与家庭SHS暴露之间的关联随着收入水平的降低而增加，在低收入国家，预计未来在公共场所接触SHS的任何形式的烟草的使用有所增加。
结论：基于收入水平的针对性干预措施至关重要，强调低收入国家的家庭战略和高收入国家的公共场所努力。
方法：我们利用了世卫组织全球青年烟草调查的数据，并进行了荟萃分析，以评估青少年吸烟行为和SHS暴露地点的患病率和加权优势比(wOR)。
结果：两种吸烟行为都随着国民收入水平的提高而增加。高收入和中高收入国家（HIC和UMIC）的吸烟行为与公共场所的SHS暴露有关（HIC：wOR，3.50[95%CI，2.85-4.31]；UMIC：wOR，2.90[2.60-3.23]）与家庭相比。低收入和中低收入国家(LICs和LMICs)显示出与家庭中SHS暴露的关联(LIC：wOR，5.33[3.59-7.93];LMIC:wOR,2.71[2.33-3.17]）比公共场所。当前吸烟与家庭SHS暴露之间的关联随着收入水平的降低而增加，在低收入国家，预计未来在公共场所接触SHS的任何形式的烟草的使用有所增加。
结论：基于收入水平的针对性干预措施至关重要，强调低收入国家的家庭战略和高收入国家的公共场所努力。
