Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Currently, premixed putty-type bioceramic cements (PPBCs) have become popular materials for root-end fillings. This study investigated three root-end filling techniques using PPBCs and calcium silicate-based sealers including EDTA pretreatment.
METHODS: Ninety root segments were prepared and standardized with an artificial fin and lateral canal, and assigned to three groups (n = 30). Root-end fillings were placed using BC-RRM Putty alone (Group PA), injection of BC sealer followed by BC-RRM Putty (Lid Technique: Group LT) or BC-RRM Putty with BC sealer coating (Deep putty packing technique: Group DP). Half of each group was pretreated with 17% EDTA. The radiographic images of the specimens were assessed by five graders and push-out bond strength tests were conducted. The data were analyzed with a general linear model including two-way ANOVA and chi-square test at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS: DP approach demonstrated significantly higher bond strength than LT (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in bond strength between PA and either DP or LT. EDTA pretreatment had no significant effect on push-out bond strength. Radiographically, for the main canal, PA and DP scored significantly higher than LT. In the fin, PA scored significantly higher than others (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights variations in root-end filling techniques. Injecting a bulk of bioceramic sealer before the placement of PPBCs may reduce bond strength and radiopacity. The application of PPBCs alone or in the deep putty technique demonstrates potential for favorable outcomes. EDTA pretreatment did not enhance bond-strength.
CONCLUSIONS: Careful selection and application of bioceramic materials and techniques in root-end fillings may influence the outcome of endodontic root-end surgery. When PPBCs and calcium silicate-based sealers are used together for root-end fillings, sealer followed by deep putty application may offer improved bond strength and radiographic fill compared to the lid technique.
METHODS: Ninety root segments were prepared and standardized with an artificial fin and lateral canal, and assigned to three groups (n = 30). Root-end fillings were placed using BC-RRM Putty alone (Group PA), injection of BC sealer followed by BC-RRM Putty (Lid Technique: Group LT) or BC-RRM Putty with BC sealer coating (Deep putty packing technique: Group DP). Half of each group was pretreated with 17% EDTA. The radiographic images of the specimens were assessed by five graders and push-out bond strength tests were conducted. The data were analyzed with a general linear model including two-way ANOVA and chi-square test at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS: DP approach demonstrated significantly higher bond strength than LT (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in bond strength between PA and either DP or LT. EDTA pretreatment had no significant effect on push-out bond strength. Radiographically, for the main canal, PA and DP scored significantly higher than LT. In the fin, PA scored significantly higher than others (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights variations in root-end filling techniques. Injecting a bulk of bioceramic sealer before the placement of PPBCs may reduce bond strength and radiopacity. The application of PPBCs alone or in the deep putty technique demonstrates potential for favorable outcomes. EDTA pretreatment did not enhance bond-strength.
CONCLUSIONS: Careful selection and application of bioceramic materials and techniques in root-end fillings may influence the outcome of endodontic root-end surgery. When PPBCs and calcium silicate-based sealers are used together for root-end fillings, sealer followed by deep putty application may offer improved bond strength and radiographic fill compared to the lid technique.
摘要：
目标：目前，预混合腻子型生物陶瓷水泥（PPBC）已成为根端填料的流行材料。这项研究调查了使用PPBC和硅酸钙基密封剂（包括EDTA预处理）的三种根端填充技术。
方法：用人工鳍和侧管制备并标准化了90个根节段，分为三组(n=30)。根端填充物单独使用BC-RRM腻子（PA组）放置，注入BC密封剂，然后是BC-RRM腻子（盖技术：LT组）或BC-RRM腻子与BC密封剂涂层（深腻子包装技术：DP组）。每组一半用17%EDTA预处理。通过五个等级的人评估样本的射线照相图像，并进行了推出粘结强度测试。用包括双向ANOVA和卡方检验的一般线性模型在5%的显著性水平下分析数据。
结果：DP方法显示出明显高于LT的粘结强度（P<0.05）。然而,PA与DP或LT之间的粘结强度没有统计学上的显着差异。EDTA预处理对推出粘结强度没有显著影响。射线照相,对于主运河，PA和DP得分明显高于LT。在鳍上，PA评分明显高于其他评分(P<0.05)。
结论：我们的研究强调了根端充填技术的变化。在放置PPBC之前注入大量生物陶瓷密封剂可能会降低粘合强度和射线不透性。单独或在深腻子技术中应用PPBC显示出有利结果的潜力。EDTA预处理没有增强粘结强度。
结论：在根端填充中仔细选择和应用生物陶瓷材料和技术可能会影响牙髓根端手术的结果。当PPBC和硅酸钙基密封剂一起用于根端填充时，与盖子技术相比，密封剂随后使用深腻子可以提供改进的粘结强度和射线照相填充。
方法：用人工鳍和侧管制备并标准化了90个根节段，分为三组(n=30)。根端填充物单独使用BC-RRM腻子（PA组）放置，注入BC密封剂，然后是BC-RRM腻子（盖技术：LT组）或BC-RRM腻子与BC密封剂涂层（深腻子包装技术：DP组）。每组一半用17%EDTA预处理。通过五个等级的人评估样本的射线照相图像，并进行了推出粘结强度测试。用包括双向ANOVA和卡方检验的一般线性模型在5%的显著性水平下分析数据。
结果：DP方法显示出明显高于LT的粘结强度（P<0.05）。然而,PA与DP或LT之间的粘结强度没有统计学上的显着差异。EDTA预处理对推出粘结强度没有显著影响。射线照相,对于主运河，PA和DP得分明显高于LT。在鳍上，PA评分明显高于其他评分(P<0.05)。
结论：我们的研究强调了根端充填技术的变化。在放置PPBC之前注入大量生物陶瓷密封剂可能会降低粘合强度和射线不透性。单独或在深腻子技术中应用PPBC显示出有利结果的潜力。EDTA预处理没有增强粘结强度。
结论：在根端填充中仔细选择和应用生物陶瓷材料和技术可能会影响牙髓根端手术的结果。当PPBC和硅酸钙基密封剂一起用于根端填充时，与盖子技术相比，密封剂随后使用深腻子可以提供改进的粘结强度和射线照相填充。
