PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Ever since the use of bisphenol A (BPA) has been restricted, concerns have been raised regarding the use of its substitutes, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). Meanwhile, the EU European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued the new tolerable daily intake (TDI) after the latest re-risk assessment for BPA, which enforced the need for cumulative risk assessment in the population. This study was conducted to identify BPA and its substitute\'s exposure characteristics of the general Taiwanese population and estimate the cumulative risk of bisphenol exposure.
UNASSIGNED: Urine samples (N = 366 [adult, 271; minor, 95]) were collected from individuals who participated in the Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants 2013. The samples were analyzed for BPA, BPS, and BPF through ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Daily intake (DI) levels were calculated for each bisphenol. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated with the consideration of tolerable DI and a reference dose. Additionally, hazard index (HI; sum of HQs for each bisphenol) values were calculated.
UNASSIGNED: Our study found that the median level of BPA was significantly higher in adults (9.63 μg/g creatinine) than in minors (6.63 μg/g creatinine) (p < 0.001). The DI of BPS was higher in female (0.69 ng/kg/day) than in male (0.49 ng/kg/day); however, the DIs of BPF and BPS were higher in boys (1.15 and 0.26 ng/kg/day, respectively) than in girls (0.57 and 0.20 ng/kg/day, respectively). Most HI values exceeded 1 (99% of the participants) after EFSA re-establish the TDI of BPA.
UNASSIGNED: Our study revealed that the exposure profiles and risk of BPA and its substitute in Taiwanese varied by age and sex. Additionally, the exposure risk of BPA was deemed unacceptable in Taiwan according to new EFSA regulations, and food contamination could be the possible source of exposure. We suggest that the risk of exposure to BPA and its substitutes in most human biomonitoring studies should be reassessed based on new scientific evidence.
UNASSIGNED: Urine samples (N = 366 [adult, 271; minor, 95]) were collected from individuals who participated in the Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants 2013. The samples were analyzed for BPA, BPS, and BPF through ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Daily intake (DI) levels were calculated for each bisphenol. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated with the consideration of tolerable DI and a reference dose. Additionally, hazard index (HI; sum of HQs for each bisphenol) values were calculated.
UNASSIGNED: Our study found that the median level of BPA was significantly higher in adults (9.63 μg/g creatinine) than in minors (6.63 μg/g creatinine) (p < 0.001). The DI of BPS was higher in female (0.69 ng/kg/day) than in male (0.49 ng/kg/day); however, the DIs of BPF and BPS were higher in boys (1.15 and 0.26 ng/kg/day, respectively) than in girls (0.57 and 0.20 ng/kg/day, respectively). Most HI values exceeded 1 (99% of the participants) after EFSA re-establish the TDI of BPA.
UNASSIGNED: Our study revealed that the exposure profiles and risk of BPA and its substitute in Taiwanese varied by age and sex. Additionally, the exposure risk of BPA was deemed unacceptable in Taiwan according to new EFSA regulations, and food contamination could be the possible source of exposure. We suggest that the risk of exposure to BPA and its substitutes in most human biomonitoring studies should be reassessed based on new scientific evidence.
摘要：
■自从双酚A（BPA）的使用受到限制以来，人们对其替代品的使用提出了关切，例如双酚S(BPS)和双酚F(BPF)。同时,欧盟欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）在最新的BPA风险评估后发布了新的可容忍每日摄入量（TDI），这就强制要求对人群进行累积风险评估。进行这项研究是为了确定台湾普通人群的BPA及其替代品的暴露特征，并估计双酚暴露的累积风险。
■尿样（N=366[成人，271；未成年人，95])是从参加2013年台湾有毒物质环境调查的个人那里收集的。分析样品中的BPA,BPS,和BPF通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。计算每种双酚的每日摄入量(DI)水平。考虑到可耐受的DI和参考剂量，计算了危险商（HQs）。此外,计算危害指数(HI；每种双酚的HQs总和)值。
■我们的研究发现，成人的BPA中位数水平（9.63μg/g肌酐）明显高于未成年人（6.63μg/g肌酐）（p<0.001）。女性的BPSDI（0.69ng/kg/天）高于男性（0.49ng/kg/天）；但是，男孩的BPF和BPS的DIs较高(1.15和0.26ng/kg/天，分别)比女孩(0.57和0.20ng/kg/天，分别)。EFSA重新建立BPA的TDI后，大多数HI值超过1（99％的参与者）。
■我们的研究表明，台湾的BPA及其替代品的暴露情况和风险因年龄和性别而异。此外,根据EFSA的新规定，在台湾，BPA的暴露风险被认为是不可接受的，和食物污染可能是暴露的来源。我们建议，在大多数人类生物监测研究中，应根据新的科学证据重新评估暴露于BPA及其替代品的风险。
■尿样（N=366[成人，271；未成年人，95])是从参加2013年台湾有毒物质环境调查的个人那里收集的。分析样品中的BPA,BPS,和BPF通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。计算每种双酚的每日摄入量(DI)水平。考虑到可耐受的DI和参考剂量，计算了危险商（HQs）。此外,计算危害指数(HI；每种双酚的HQs总和)值。
■我们的研究发现，成人的BPA中位数水平（9.63μg/g肌酐）明显高于未成年人（6.63μg/g肌酐）（p<0.001）。女性的BPSDI（0.69ng/kg/天）高于男性（0.49ng/kg/天）；但是，男孩的BPF和BPS的DIs较高(1.15和0.26ng/kg/天，分别)比女孩(0.57和0.20ng/kg/天，分别)。EFSA重新建立BPA的TDI后，大多数HI值超过1（99％的参与者）。
■我们的研究表明，台湾的BPA及其替代品的暴露情况和风险因年龄和性别而异。此外,根据EFSA的新规定，在台湾，BPA的暴露风险被认为是不可接受的，和食物污染可能是暴露的来源。我们建议，在大多数人类生物监测研究中，应根据新的科学证据重新评估暴露于BPA及其替代品的风险。
