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Abstract：
Brucellosis in marine mammals (cetacean and pinnipeds) has emerged in a very significant way during the last two decades. Currently Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis are the two recognized species in marine mammals, but available information is still limited. Several genotypes have been identified, and studies on the relationship between sequence type (ST) and organ pathogenicity or tropism have indicated differences in pathogenesis between B. ceti sequences in cetaceans. The zoonotic potential of this disease is based on the identification of the main sources of introduction and spread of Brucella spp. in the marine environment as well as on the factors of exposure of marine mammals and humans to the bacteria.
This article is a bibliographical review on marine mammal brucellosis, including the features, sources and transmission modes of each Brucella species, as well as their potential pathogenicity in animals and humans.
Different genotypes of marine Brucella spp have been isolated from marine mammal species but without any evidence of pathology induced by these bacteria. Associated lesions are variable and include subcutaneous abscesses, meningo-encephalomyelitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, osteoarthritis, orchitis, endometritis, placentitis and abortion. The isolation of marine B. spp from marine mammal respiratory parasites associated to lung injury has raised the intriguing possibility that they may serve as a vector for the transmission of this bacterium.The severity of marine B. spp remains unknown due to the lack of an estimate of the prevalence of this disease in marine mammals. The number of suspected human cases is still very limited. However, by analogy with other germs of the genus Brucella responsible for abortion in ruminants and for a febrile and painful state in human beings, prevention measures are essential. The significant increase in the number of strandings coupled with a high seroprevalence in certain species of marine mammals must be considered for people in direct or indirect contact with these animals. Ongoing epidemiological monitoring combined with extensive post-mortem examinations (necropsy, bacteriology and sequencing) of all species of stranded marine mammals would deepen knowledge on the zoonotic potential of marine Brucella species.
This article is a bibliographical review on marine mammal brucellosis, including the features, sources and transmission modes of each Brucella species, as well as their potential pathogenicity in animals and humans.
Different genotypes of marine Brucella spp have been isolated from marine mammal species but without any evidence of pathology induced by these bacteria. Associated lesions are variable and include subcutaneous abscesses, meningo-encephalomyelitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, osteoarthritis, orchitis, endometritis, placentitis and abortion. The isolation of marine B. spp from marine mammal respiratory parasites associated to lung injury has raised the intriguing possibility that they may serve as a vector for the transmission of this bacterium.The severity of marine B. spp remains unknown due to the lack of an estimate of the prevalence of this disease in marine mammals. The number of suspected human cases is still very limited. However, by analogy with other germs of the genus Brucella responsible for abortion in ruminants and for a febrile and painful state in human beings, prevention measures are essential. The significant increase in the number of strandings coupled with a high seroprevalence in certain species of marine mammals must be considered for people in direct or indirect contact with these animals. Ongoing epidemiological monitoring combined with extensive post-mortem examinations (necropsy, bacteriology and sequencing) of all species of stranded marine mammals would deepen knowledge on the zoonotic potential of marine Brucella species.
摘要：
■在过去的二十年中，海洋哺乳动物（鲸目动物和针脚）中的布鲁氏菌病以非常重要的方式出现。目前，在海洋哺乳动物中公认的两个物种是头目布鲁氏菌，但是可用的信息仍然有限。已经确定了几种基因型，关于序列类型（ST）与器官致病性或嗜性之间关系的研究表明，鲸目B.ceti序列在发病机理上存在差异。这种疾病的人畜共患潜力是基于对布鲁氏菌属物种的引入和传播的主要来源的识别。在海洋环境中以及海洋哺乳动物和人类暴露于细菌的因素。
■本文是对海洋哺乳动物布鲁氏菌病的书目综述，包括功能，每种布鲁氏菌的来源和传播方式，以及它们对动物和人类的潜在致病性。
■已从海洋哺乳动物物种中分离出不同基因型的海洋布鲁氏菌属，但没有任何由这些细菌诱导的病理学证据。相关病变是可变的，包括皮下脓肿，脑膜脑脊髓炎,肺炎,心肌炎,骨关节炎,睾丸炎,子宫内膜炎,胎盘炎和流产。从与肺损伤相关的海洋哺乳动物呼吸道寄生虫中分离出海洋B.spp，增加了它们可能作为传播该细菌的载体的有趣可能性。由于缺乏对这种疾病在海洋哺乳动物中的患病率的估计，因此海洋B.spp的严重程度仍然未知。人类疑似病例的数量仍然非常有限。然而,通过与布鲁氏杆菌属的其他细菌的类比，这些细菌负责反刍动物的流产以及人类的发热和疼痛状态，预防措施至关重要。对于与某些海洋哺乳动物直接或间接接触的人，必须考虑到搁浅数量的显着增加以及某些海洋哺乳动物的高血清阳性率。持续的流行病学监测结合广泛的尸检(尸检，对所有滞留的海洋哺乳动物物种的细菌学和测序）将加深对海洋布鲁氏菌物种的人畜共患潜力的认识。
■本文是对海洋哺乳动物布鲁氏菌病的书目综述，包括功能，每种布鲁氏菌的来源和传播方式，以及它们对动物和人类的潜在致病性。
■已从海洋哺乳动物物种中分离出不同基因型的海洋布鲁氏菌属，但没有任何由这些细菌诱导的病理学证据。相关病变是可变的，包括皮下脓肿，脑膜脑脊髓炎,肺炎,心肌炎,骨关节炎,睾丸炎,子宫内膜炎,胎盘炎和流产。从与肺损伤相关的海洋哺乳动物呼吸道寄生虫中分离出海洋B.spp，增加了它们可能作为传播该细菌的载体的有趣可能性。由于缺乏对这种疾病在海洋哺乳动物中的患病率的估计，因此海洋B.spp的严重程度仍然未知。人类疑似病例的数量仍然非常有限。然而,通过与布鲁氏杆菌属的其他细菌的类比，这些细菌负责反刍动物的流产以及人类的发热和疼痛状态，预防措施至关重要。对于与某些海洋哺乳动物直接或间接接触的人，必须考虑到搁浅数量的显着增加以及某些海洋哺乳动物的高血清阳性率。持续的流行病学监测结合广泛的尸检(尸检，对所有滞留的海洋哺乳动物物种的细菌学和测序）将加深对海洋布鲁氏菌物种的人畜共患潜力的认识。
