METHODS: Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and patellar tendon (PT) structures were determined with B-mode ultrasonography, and maximal knee extensor isokinetic torque was assessed at three different velocities.
RESULTS: Optimal torque and velocity were lower in runners than CY, BP and IH (p<0.05). Maximal power was similar between the athlete groups but greater than CN (p<0.05). Furthermore, RN and BP reached their peak-torque at longer muscle lengths compared to IH and CY (p<0.05). RN had the lowest VL muscle thickness and the greatest fascicle length, while CY had the greatest pennation angle (p<0.05). CY had the greatest PT thickness, particularly at the proximal and medial sites, while BP at the distal point (p<0.05), with similar trends observed for PT cross-sectional-area.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that even if power generating capacity is similar between athletic disciplines, there are discipline-specific muscle adaptations, where particularly runners appear to have muscles adapted for speed rather than torque development, while in cyclists, velocity is sacrificed for torque development.
方法:采用B超检查确定股外侧肌(VL)肌肉和髌腱(PT)结构,在三种不同的速度下评估最大膝关节伸肌等速扭矩。
结果:跑步者的最佳扭矩和速度低于CY,BP和IH(p<0.05)。运动员组之间的最大功率相似,但大于CN(p<0.05)。此外,与IH和CY相比,RN和BP在更长的肌肉长度处达到其峰值扭矩(p<0.05)。RN具有最低的VL肌肉厚度和最大的束长度,而CY的悬念角最大(p<0.05)。CY有最大的PT厚度,特别是在近端和内侧,而远端点的血压(p<0.05),对于PT横截面积观察到类似的趋势。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,即使不同运动学科之间的发电能力相似,有特定学科的肌肉适应,特别是跑步者的肌肉似乎适应了速度而不是扭矩的发展,在骑自行车的时候,为扭矩发展而牺牲速度。