PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare torque-velocity profiles, muscle architecture, tendon dimensions, and bilateral-symmetry between competitive cyclists (CY), competitive runners (RN), ice-hockey players (IH), basketball players (BP), and physically-active individuals (CN) (n=10 for each group).
METHODS: Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and patellar tendon (PT) structures were determined with B-mode ultrasonography, and maximal knee extensor isokinetic torque was assessed at three different velocities.
RESULTS: Optimal torque and velocity were lower in runners than CY, BP and IH (p<0.05). Maximal power was similar between the athlete groups but greater than CN (p<0.05). Furthermore, RN and BP reached their peak-torque at longer muscle lengths compared to IH and CY (p<0.05). RN had the lowest VL muscle thickness and the greatest fascicle length, while CY had the greatest pennation angle (p<0.05). CY had the greatest PT thickness, particularly at the proximal and medial sites, while BP at the distal point (p<0.05), with similar trends observed for PT cross-sectional-area.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that even if power generating capacity is similar between athletic disciplines, there are discipline-specific muscle adaptations, where particularly runners appear to have muscles adapted for speed rather than torque development, while in cyclists, velocity is sacrificed for torque development.
METHODS: Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and patellar tendon (PT) structures were determined with B-mode ultrasonography, and maximal knee extensor isokinetic torque was assessed at three different velocities.
RESULTS: Optimal torque and velocity were lower in runners than CY, BP and IH (p<0.05). Maximal power was similar between the athlete groups but greater than CN (p<0.05). Furthermore, RN and BP reached their peak-torque at longer muscle lengths compared to IH and CY (p<0.05). RN had the lowest VL muscle thickness and the greatest fascicle length, while CY had the greatest pennation angle (p<0.05). CY had the greatest PT thickness, particularly at the proximal and medial sites, while BP at the distal point (p<0.05), with similar trends observed for PT cross-sectional-area.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that even if power generating capacity is similar between athletic disciplines, there are discipline-specific muscle adaptations, where particularly runners appear to have muscles adapted for speed rather than torque development, while in cyclists, velocity is sacrificed for torque development.
摘要：
目的：这项研究的目的是比较扭矩-速度曲线，肌肉结构，肌腱尺寸,和竞技自行车手之间的双边对称性(CY)，竞技选手（RN），冰球运动员（IH），篮球运动员（BP），和身体活跃的个体（CN）（每组n=10）。
方法：采用B超检查确定股外侧肌(VL)肌肉和髌腱(PT)结构，在三种不同的速度下评估最大膝关节伸肌等速扭矩。
结果：跑步者的最佳扭矩和速度低于CY，BP和IH(p<0.05)。运动员组之间的最大功率相似，但大于CN（p<0.05）。此外，与IH和CY相比，RN和BP在更长的肌肉长度处达到其峰值扭矩（p<0.05）。RN具有最低的VL肌肉厚度和最大的束长度，而CY的悬念角最大(p<0.05)。CY有最大的PT厚度，特别是在近端和内侧，而远端点的血压(p<0.05)，对于PT横截面积观察到类似的趋势。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，即使不同运动学科之间的发电能力相似，有特定学科的肌肉适应，特别是跑步者的肌肉似乎适应了速度而不是扭矩的发展，在骑自行车的时候，为扭矩发展而牺牲速度。
方法：采用B超检查确定股外侧肌(VL)肌肉和髌腱(PT)结构，在三种不同的速度下评估最大膝关节伸肌等速扭矩。
结果：跑步者的最佳扭矩和速度低于CY，BP和IH(p<0.05)。运动员组之间的最大功率相似，但大于CN（p<0.05）。此外，与IH和CY相比，RN和BP在更长的肌肉长度处达到其峰值扭矩（p<0.05）。RN具有最低的VL肌肉厚度和最大的束长度，而CY的悬念角最大(p<0.05)。CY有最大的PT厚度，特别是在近端和内侧，而远端点的血压(p<0.05)，对于PT横截面积观察到类似的趋势。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，即使不同运动学科之间的发电能力相似，有特定学科的肌肉适应，特别是跑步者的肌肉似乎适应了速度而不是扭矩的发展，在骑自行车的时候，为扭矩发展而牺牲速度。
