关键词: Legality perception Misoprostol Post-abortion care Self-managed abortion

Mesh : Humans Female Misoprostol / administration & dosage therapeutic use Adult Colombia Pregnancy Abortion, Induced / legislation & jurisprudence psychology methods Motivation Qualitative Research Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal Young Adult Aftercare Adolescent Health Services Accessibility

来  源:   DOI:10.1186/s12978-024-01814-0   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract:
BACKGROUND: In 2006, a Constitutional Court ruling partially decriminalized abortion in Colombia, allowing the procedure in cases of rape, risk to the health or life of the woman, and fetal malformations incompatible with life. Despite this less prohibitive law, some women and pregnant people preferred self-managing their abortions outside the formal healthcare system, often without accurate information. In 2018, we undertook a study to understand what motivated women to self-manage using medications that they acquired informally. Colombia has since adopted a progressive law in 2022, permitting abortion on request through the 24th week of pregnancy. However, the implementation of this law is still underway. Examining the reasons why women chose to informally self-manage an abortion after 2006 may not only highlight how barriers to legal services persisted at that time, but also could inform strategies to increase knowledge of the current abortion law and improve access to services going forward.
METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted in 2018 with 47 women aged 18 and older who used misoprostol obtained outside of health facilities to induce an abortion, and who were receiving postabortion care in two private clinics. Interviews explored what women knew about the 2006 abortion law which was then in effect, and the reasons why they preferred informal channels for abortion care over formal healthcare services.
RESULTS: Women\'s motivations to use misoprostol obtained outside the formal healthcare system were influenced by lack of trust in the healthcare system along with incomplete and inaccurate knowledge of the abortion law. Conversely, women considered misoprostol obtained outside the healthcare system to be effective, affordable, and easier to access.
CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining misoprostol outside the formal healthcare system offered a more accessible and appealing prospect for some women given fears of legal repercussion and stigma toward abortion. Though this preference will likely continue despite the more liberal abortion law, strategies should be implemented to broaden knowledge of the recent change in law and to combat misinformation and stigma. This would support knowledge of and access to legal abortion for those who wish to avail themselves of these services.
UNASSIGNED: En el 2006 la Corte Constitucional de Colombia despenalizó el aborto en casos de violación, riesgo para la salud o vida de la mujer y malformaciones fetales. A pesar de ello, algunas mujeres y personas con capacidad de gestar continuaron obteniendo abortos fuera del sistema de salud. En el año 2018, realizamos un estudio para comprender qué las motivaba a hacerlo. Desde entonces Colombia ha adoptado un marco legal más progresista, permitiendo en el año 2022 el aborto a solicitud hasta la semana 24 de embarazo. Sin embargo, la implementación de este marco legal aún está en curso. Examinar las razones por las que las mujeres recurrieron a auto inducirse un aborto de manera informal después del 2006 no solo informa sobre las barreras a los servicios legales en ese periodo, sino también ayuda a desarrollar estrategias para aumentar el conocimiento del marco legal actual y mejorar el acceso a los servicios MéTODOS: Durante el 2018 entrevistamos a 47 mujeres mayores de 18 años que compraron misoprostol fuera del sistema de salud para inducirse un aborto, y que recibieron atención postaborto. En las entrevistas exploramos lo que sabían sobre el marco legal de ese momento –el del 2006–, y las razones por las cuales recurrieron a fuentes informales para abortar.
RESULTS: Las motivaciones de las mujeres para usar misoprostol obtenido de fuentes informales resultan de la desconfianza hacia el sistema de salud y un conocimiento incompleto del marco legal. En contraste, las mujeres consideran que el misoprostol obtenido por fuentes alternativas ofrece eficacia y asequibilidad, y es más fácil de obtener.
CONCLUSIONS: Obtener misoprostol fuera del sistema de salud formal es una alternativa más llamativa para algunas mujeres dadas las preocupaciones sobre las repercusiones legales y el estigma asociado al aborto. Aunque esta preferencia persista a pesar del cambio del marco legal, se deben implementar estrategias para ampliar el conocimiento sobre la despenalización y combatir la desinformación y el estigma. Esto garantizaría que las mujeres estén informadas y puedan acceder a servicios legales de aborto de calidad si así lo desean.
Despite the availability of legal services, pregnant individuals in Colombia have continued to seek abortion outside of the formal healthcare system. Understanding their knowledge of the abortion law and their perceptions of legal abortion services may provide insight into what motivates them to seek alternative routes of abortion.Women who obtained misoprostol outside of the formal healthcare system were interviewed in 2018, twelve years after abortion was partially decriminalized in Colombia (and prior to the full decriminalization of abortions up to 24 weeks in 2022). A combination of factors led women to seek misoprostol in this manner: incomplete knowledge of the abortion law, fear of legal consequences, fear of social stigma, and a desire for a faster and private process.Self-management with informally obtained medication can offer pregnant individuals the opportunity to have an abortion on their own terms, especially when abortion in the formal healthcare system appears to be unavailable, proves difficult to access, or is accompanied by social and legal risks. While increasing awareness that abortion is legal in Colombia might empower pregnant people to seek formal care, judgment from their community, healthcare providers, and law enforcement may still serve as powerful hindrances to obtaining these services unless there are efforts made to combat abortion stigma as well.
摘要:
背景:2006年,宪法法院裁定哥伦比亚的堕胎部分合法化,允许强奸案件的程序,对女性健康或生命的风险,胎儿畸形与生命不相容.尽管这项法律不那么禁止性强,一些妇女和孕妇更喜欢在正规医疗保健系统之外自我管理堕胎,往往没有准确的信息。2018年,我们进行了一项研究,以了解是什么促使女性使用非正式获得的药物进行自我管理。此后,哥伦比亚于2022年通过了一项进步法律,允许在怀孕第24周应要求进行堕胎。然而,这项法律的实施仍在进行中。审查2006年后妇女选择非正式自我管理堕胎的原因可能不仅突出了当时法律服务的障碍如何持续存在,但也可以告知战略,以增加对当前堕胎法的了解,并改善未来获得服务的机会。
方法:2018年对47名年龄在18岁及以上的妇女进行了深入访谈,这些妇女使用在医疗机构以外获得的米索前列醇进行人工流产。他们在两家私人诊所接受堕胎后护理。访谈探讨了妇女对当时生效的2006年堕胎法的了解,以及他们更喜欢非正式的堕胎护理渠道而不是正规的医疗保健服务的原因。
结果:妇女在正规医疗保健系统之外使用米索前列醇的动机受到对医疗保健系统缺乏信任以及对堕胎法的不完整和不准确了解的影响。相反,女性认为在医疗保健系统之外获得的米索前列醇是有效的,负担得起的,更容易访问。
结论:在正规医疗保健系统之外获得米索前列醇为一些妇女提供了更容易获得和吸引人的前景,因为他们担心法律会对堕胎产生影响和污名化。尽管堕胎法更加宽松,但这种偏好可能会继续,应实施战略,以扩大对最近法律变化的了解,并打击错误信息和污名化。这将支持那些希望利用这些服务的人了解和获得合法堕胎。
Enel2006laCorteConstitucionaldeColombiadespenalizoelabortoencasosdeviolación,riesgoparalasaludovidadelamujerymalformacionesfetales.Pesardeello,阿尔古纳斯·穆杰雷斯和人物角色连续出生。Enelaño2018,realizamosunestudioparacomprenderquélasmomomabaahacerlo.Desdeentonces哥伦比亚haadoptadounmarcolegalmásprogresista,permitiendoenelaño2022年elaborttoasolicudhastalasemana24deembarazo.罪恶禁运,马尔科法律和埃斯塔恩·库索。Examinarlasrazonesporlasquelasmujeresrecurriereronaautoinducationunabortodemanerainformaldespuésdel2006nosoloinformasobrelasbarrerasalosservicioslegaleslegaleseneseperiodo,中南南阿尤达:Durante2018年经济计划47名市长,18岁,米索前列醇后托托。Enlasentrevistasexasiamosloquesabiansobreelmarcolegaldeesemomento-eldel2006-,ylasrazonesporlascualesrecorrieronafuentesinformalesparaabortar.
结果:对米索前列醇的信息分析结果:恩对比,研究人员认为,米索前列醇治疗是一种无性系,yesmásfácildeobtener.
结论:对米索前列醇进行正式评估。Aunqueestapreferenciapersistapesardelcambiodelmarcolegal,我们的目标是扩大经济利益,打击经济利益,打击经济利益。Estogarantizaríaquelasmujeresesteninformadasypuedanacadedeaservicioslegalesdeabortodecalidadsiasílodesan.
尽管有法律服务,哥伦比亚的孕妇继续在正规医疗保健系统之外寻求堕胎。了解他们对堕胎法的了解以及他们对合法堕胎服务的看法,可以深入了解他们寻求替代堕胎途径的动机。2018年,在哥伦比亚部分堕胎合法化12年后(2022年,堕胎完全非刑事化长达24周),在正规医疗保健系统之外获得米索前列醇的妇女接受了采访。综合因素导致妇女以这种方式寻求米索前列醇:对堕胎法的不完全了解,害怕法律后果,对社会污名的恐惧,以及对更快和私有流程的渴望。通过非正式获得的药物进行自我管理可以为怀孕的人提供根据自己的条件进行堕胎的机会,尤其是当正规医疗体系中的堕胎似乎无法实现时,证明很难进入,或伴随着社会和法律风险。虽然人们越来越意识到堕胎在哥伦比亚是合法的,可能会使孕妇有能力寻求正规护理,来自他们社区的判断,医疗保健提供者,除非还努力打击堕胎耻辱,否则执法部门仍可能成为获得这些服务的强大障碍。
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